Questions and Answers
What are the classes of medical certificates?
What documents are required to exercise private pilot privileges?
Pilot certificate, medical, photo ID
What are the privileges under Part 68 BasicMed?
What is the difference between proficiency and currency?
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An airworthiness certificate has an expiration date.
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What does FAR 43 allow a private pilot to perform?
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What should a pilot do when flying with inoperative equipment?
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How can you determine if an airplane is airworthy?
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What must be carried when an aircraft is in operation?
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Which sources are valid for weather data during flight planning?
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What does VFR altitude depend on?
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What are V speeds related to stalling?
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What are the steps for a Soft Field Takeoff?
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What signifies an Emergency Squawk for a hijack?
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What requirements must be met for VFR flight?
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Night currency is defined as 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise.
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What are the categories of Special Use Airspace?
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What does IMSAFE stand for in pilot self-assessment?
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Study Notes
Medical Certificates
- Three classes of medical certificates: 1st (ATP), 2nd (Commercial), and 3rd (Private).
- Temporary disqualifications include DUIs, drug use, and heart issues.
Required Documents for Private Pilot
- Necessary items include pilot certificate, medical certificate, and a valid photo ID.
BasicMed Privileges and Limitations
- Allows VFR or IFR flights, with a maximum speed of 250 knots below 18,000 feet.
- Limitations include a maximum of five passengers and a gross weight of 6,000 lbs; cannot be compensated for hire.
Proficiency vs Currency
- Proficiency refers to the ability to perform duties effectively.
- Currency means having performed flight duties recently enough to retain skills.
Airworthiness Certificate
- Must be legible to flight crew or passengers and does not have an expiration date.
Pilot-Performed Preventative Maintenance
- Includes tasks like fluid and battery replacements as defined by FAR 43, permissible by private pilots.
Inoperative Equipment Procedures
- Must consult KOEL (PIM 2-12); if not needed, deactivate and placard; if needed, obtain a special permit from FSDO.
Determining Airworthiness
- Check documents, Airworthiness Directives (ADs), maintenance records, and inspections.
Registration Information
- Registration must be in the aircraft during operation, detailing serial number, tail number, and operator.
Weather Data Sources
- Primary sources include ForeFlight, Aviation Weather Center, and FSS briefings for flight planning.
Flight Deck Displays
- G1000 system provides radar, lightning information, winds aloft, and alerts for SIGMETs and AIRMETs.
Altitude Selection Considerations
- VFR altitudes above 3,000 feet: odd thousands plus 500 feet east of a reference line, even thousands plus 500 feet west.
Calculating Flight Parameters
- Use PIM tables for time, rates of climb/descent; UTC conversion adds 4 hours to EDT; fuel reserves vary for day and night.
Activating and Closing VFR Flight Plans
- Use ForeFlight or FSS to activate and close flight plans efficiently.
Performance Factors
- Center of gravity (CG) affects aircraft stability and drag; forward CG increases stability and drag while aft CG enhances speed.
Flight Controls
- Primary controls: Ailerons, elevator, rudder.
- Secondary controls: Flaps, trim, spoilers.
Powerplant and Propeller Details
- Engine is a Lycoming Model IO-360-L2A with a power output of 180 hp; features direct drive and a fixed-pitch aluminum alloy propeller.
Landing Gear Configuration
- Tricycle type with a steerable nosewheel and two main wheels for stability and maneuverability.
Fuel, Oil, and Hydraulic Systems
- Oil system capacity is 8 quarts; fuel system includes vented integral tanks and a number of components for effective operation.
Electrical System
- 28-volt DC system powered by a 60-amp alternator; includes both main and standby batteries for reliability.
Instrument Systems
- Pitot-static instruments include altimeter, VSI, and airspeed indicators; vacuum instruments cover attitude and heading.
Deicing and Anti-Icing Features
- The Cessna is equipped with pitot heat and carburetor heat for anti-icing measures.
Hypoxia Types
- Hypoxic (altitude), hypemic (carbon monoxide), histotoxic (drugs/alcohol), stagnant (blood pooling).
Orbital Nitrogen Dangers
- Nitrogen in the bloodstream can form bubbles after scuba dives due to pressure changes.
Alcohol and Drug Regulations
- Alcohol consumption prohibition extends to 8 hours prior to flying (with a 0.04 blood alcohol limit).
Pilot Self-Assessment Strategy
- Use IMSAFE checklist: Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Eating/Emotions.
Airport Markings and Signage
- Symbolic lights indicate airport types: Lighted land airports (white and green), lighted water airports (white and yellow), and hospital airports (white, green, amber).
Wake Turbulence Awareness
- Avoid flight paths of larger aircraft: maintain altitude, land beyond touchdown points, and take off past rotation points.
Light Gun Signals
- Ground signals include green (clear for takeoff), red (stop), and in-air signals direct pilots under various conditions.
V Speeds Explained
- Key speeds: Vso (40), Vs1, Vfe (110/85), Va (105), Vno (129), Vne (163), Vy (74), Vx (62), Vr (55).
Soft Field Takeoff Technique
- Requires 10 degrees of flaps, back pressure, and maintaining flight-effect during climb.
Short Field Takeoff Procedure
- Checklist includes application of brakes, full throttle, maintaining airspeed, and retracting flaps when clear.
Soft Field Landing Strategy
- Flaps set for landing, minimize power to touch down gently, and keep the nose wheel elevated.
Short Field Landing Guidelines
- Involves maintaining specific airspeeds and rapid descent to land within designated distances.
Go Around Procedure
- Execute by applying full throttle, adjusting flaps for takeoff, then stabilizing at 66 KIAS.
Steep Turns Execution
- Maintain altitude (±100 ft), airspeed (±10 knots), and bank angle (±5°) while rolling out on initial heading.
Ground Reference Maneuvers
- Consistently meet altitude and airspeed criteria during training exercises.
Magnetic Compass Errors
- Understand VDMONA effects including variation, deviation, magnetic dip, oscillation, UNOS, and ANDS.
Lost Procedures Strategy
- Follow the "Call Confess Circle Climb Conserve" framework when lost in flight.
Emergency Approach and Landing Protocol
- Utilize ABC: Airspeed (68 KIAS), best field selection, and appropriate checklist usage.
Emergency Descent Best Practices
- Maintain an altitude of no less than 1500 feet, descend at no more than 2000 feet per minute.
Medical Certificate Validity for Pilots Under 40
- First-class valid for 12 months; second-class valid for the same duration with third-class lasting 48 months.
Medical Certificate Validity for Pilots Over 40
- First-class requires renewal every 6 months initially; second-class follows similar rules with longer intervals for third-class.
Flight Review Requirements
- A biannual flight review is necessary for renewals; check-ride required after 3 years without flying.
Special Flight Permits
- Issued for flights involving aircraft not meeting airworthiness standards but capable of safe operation.
Engine Start Process
- Involves engagement of the Bendix gear and sequential activation through the various engine components.
Fuel Flow Pathway
- Comprehensive pathway from fuel tanks through the pump system to the engine for combustion cycle.
VFR Day Equipment List
- ATOMATOFLAMES acronym outlines required equipment including airspeed indicators and safety belts.
VFR Night Equipment List
- FLAPS acronym details necessary night flight equipment such as landing lights and anti-collision lights.
Inspection Requirements
- Routine inspections include annual, VOR (30 days), 100-hour (for hire), and altimeter checks (24 months).
VOR Operating Procedures
- Requires tuning, activating, and identifying with Morse code followed by simulator inputs for CDI direction.
Emergency Squawk Codes
- Specific squawk codes: 7500 for hijack, 7600 for lost communications, and 7700 for general emergencies.
Flight Requirements Overview
- The SPARROW acronym encapsulates essential flight-related documents for compliance.
VFR Minimum Requirements
- Must maintain a visibility of at least 5 statute miles and a ceiling of 3000 feet above ground level.
Federal Aviation Regulations Overview
- FAR Part 61 outlines certificates, while Part 91 pertains to general regulations governing aviation.
Oxygen Use Requirements
- Specific altitudes dictate oxygen needs: above 12,500 feet after 30 min for crew, higher for continuous use, and higher for passengers.
Transponders Functionality
- Transponder codes detail aircraft position and communication needs within controlled airspace.
Special Use Airspace Classifications
- Different types include prohibited, restricted, warning, military operations area, alert areas, and controlled firing zones.
Night Definitions
- The night period is defined as the time between evening and morning twilight, while night currency focuses on specific flight hours.
Atmospheric Rotation Patterns
- High-pressure systems rotate clockwise, while low-pressure systems exhibit counterclockwise rotation.
SIGMET and AIRMET Types
- SIGMET covers significant weather conditions like embedded thunderstorms; AIRMET addresses specific aviation weather concerns.
Runway Centerline Lighting System
- Lighting colors change across runway length to guide landings, indicating safe distances for transitions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential terms and definitions related to private pilot certification. This flashcard quiz covers medical certificates, required documents, and BasicMed privileges and limitations. Perfect for aspiring pilots preparing for their examinations.
