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Questions and Answers
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Bone marrow
What do helper T cells do?
What do helper T cells do?
Coordinate immune responses
Cytotoxic T cells do not need to recognize a specific antigen to attack cells.
Cytotoxic T cells do not need to recognize a specific antigen to attack cells.
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What type of cells do natural killer cells attack?
What type of cells do natural killer cells attack?
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Antibodies are primarily found in the ______ globulin band.
Antibodies are primarily found in the ______ globulin band.
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What are the five major classes of antibodies?
What are the five major classes of antibodies?
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What are cytotoxins?
What are cytotoxins?
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Match the following types of immunity with their descriptions:
Match the following types of immunity with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Acquired or Adaptive Immunity
- Resistance based on specific responses to eliminate a foreign substance
- It can be cellular (CMI) or humoral (HMI)
- Includes T cells, B cells, antibodies, and cytokines
- T cells mature in the thymus and provide help to B cells and other phagocytic cells
- B cells mature in the bone marrow and differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies
- Antibodies are responsible for killing virally infected target cells
Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity
- Specificity for each individual pathogen or microbial agent
- Ability to remember a prior exposure
- Increased response to a pathogen upon repeated exposure
Types of T Cells
- Helper T cells coordinate immune responses by communicating with other cells
- Killer T cells are cytotoxic killer cells and natural killer cells
Killer Cells
- Two types: cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells
- Cytotoxic T cells recognize a specific antigen on a foreign invader
- Natural killer cells do not need to recognize a specific antigen
- Both types contain granules filled with potent chemicals and kill on contact
- Killer cells bind to the target, aim weapons, and deliver lethal chemicals
Cytotoxic T Cells
- Help rid the body of cells infected by viruses and cells transformed by cancer
- Recognize a specific antigen on the foreign cell
- Responsible for rejection of tissue and organ grafts
Natural Killer NK Cells
- Armed with granules containing lethal doses of chemical
- Attack cells lacking the self MHC molecule
Cytotoxins
- Polypeptides that cause cell injury, inflammation, intestinal secretion through inhibition of protein synthesis
Modes of Acquiring Immunity
- Immunity is acquired through Natural and Artificial mechanisms - passive or active
Passive Immunity
- Natural passive immunity is provided through placental transfer of IgG and colostral transfer of IgA
- Artificial passive immunity is provided through antibodies or immunoglobulins and immune cells
Antibodies
- Immunoglobulins
- Glycoproteins found in serum containing 82% to 96% polypeptide and 2% to 14% carbohydrate
- Five major classes: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
- The key element of the humoral immune response
- Appear primarily in the gamma (γ) globulin band with serum electrophoresis at pH 8.6
Tetrapeptide Structure of Immunoglobulins
- Contains four-chain polypeptide
- Two large polypeptide chains are heavy (H) chains
- Two small polypeptide chains are light (L) chains
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Description
Explore the intricacies of acquired or adaptive immunity in this quiz. Learn about the roles of T cells, B cells, antibodies, and the various responses of the immune system. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and types of adaptive immunity.
