Acoustics: Sound and Pitch
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of acoustics?

  • To reinforce sound and prevent unwanted sound (correct)
  • To measure the loudness of sounds
  • To eliminate airborne noise
  • To determine the pitch of a sound

    • What is the unit of measurement for frequency?

  • Cycle
  • Hertz (correct)
  • Vibration
  • Decibel

    • What is the term for the unique sound or tone color produced by every instrument and voice?

  • Vibration
  • Frequency
  • Timbre (correct)
  • Pitch

    • What type of noise is caused by impact or machinery and travels through the building structure?

    <p>Structure-borne noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of sound?

    <p>A wave, vibration, or series of pressure variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the frequency of a sound as perceived by the human ear?

    <p>Pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system used to measure the loudness of sounds?

    <p>Decibel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of noise travels from one part of the building to another through open doors, windows, or small gaps?

    <p>Airborne noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of task lighting?

    <p>To provide a concentrated light source for specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between ambient lighting and task lighting?

    <p>Ambient lighting is for general tasks, while task lighting is for specific tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lighting system is designed to give uniform and general illumination throughout an area?

    <p>General lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of accent lighting?

    <p>To highlight special objects of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between general lighting and local lighting?

    <p>General lighting is for overall illumination, while local lighting is for specific areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combined general and local lighting?

    <p>To provide a combination of general and high-intensity lighting for specific areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of efficient lighting design?

    <p>To accomplish the lighting task efficiently in terms of capital and energy resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is supplementary lighting?

    <p>A type of lighting that supplements the general lighting, providing a restricted area of high-intensity lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate time it takes for sunlight to travel from the sun to the Earth's surface?

    <p>8 minutes and 17 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of photometry?

    <p>Measuring light with respect to human brightness perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three fundamental aspects of lighting design in buildings or spaces?

    <p>Aesthetic appeal, energy efficiency, and functional light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of lighting in a building or space?

    <p>To create an efficient and pleasing interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ergonomic aspect of lighting design?

    <p>The measure of functional light for efficient seeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the amount of functional light provided in a building or space?

    <p>To ensure efficient seeing for a particular task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lighting equipment in a building or space?

    <p>To be unobtrusive and energy efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for luminous flux?

    <p>Lumens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the quality of lighting in a building or space?

    <p>To prevent light from being wasted by over-illumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of luminous flux to electrical power consumed?

    <p>Luminous efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of light that covers a surface?

    <p>Illuminance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light?

    <p>Optics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a device that contains an electric lamp and provides illumination?

    <p>Light fixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 footcandle in lux?

    <p>10.76 lux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decrease in light intensity with distance?

    <p>Inverse square law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a man-made source of radiation in and near the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>Lamp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of LED lamps?

    <p>They produce a comfortable white light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of light tubes or light pipes?

    <p>To transport or distribute natural or artificial light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of fully shielded luminaires in exterior applications?

    <p>They direct light downwards towards the ground or building façade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the branch of physics concerned with the properties of sound?

    <p>Acoustics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of one watt of lighting in a space?

    <p>It produces a heat gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Vitruvian triad?

    <p>A set of principles for integrating lighting with architecture, acoustics, and other concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using LED lamps in cold temperatures?

    <p>They have no start-up problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of LED lamps that makes them suitable for uniform lighting?

    <p>They produce a comfortable white light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acoustics

    • Acoustics aims to reinforce sound, eliminate unwanted sound, and prevent airborne noise.
    • Pitch is the frequency of a sound as perceived by the human ear, determined by the rate of vibration or frequency of the sound wave.
    • Hertz (Hz) is the quantified unit of measurement for frequency, representing the number of repeating cycles per second.
    • Decibel (dB) is a system used to measure the loudness of sounds, also defined as the signal to the noise.

    Sound

    • Sound is a wave, vibration, or series of pressure variations through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid, or solid.
    • Timbre is the unique sound or tone color produced by every instrument and voice.
    • Frequency is the number of waves that move past a point in one second.

    Lighting

    • Luminous flux describes the quantity of light emitted by a light source per second in all directions.
    • Luminous efficacy/efficiency is the ratio of the luminous flux to the electrical power consumed, measuring a light source's economic efficiency.
    • Illuminance determines the amount of light that covers a surface, decreasing by the square of the distance (inverse square law).
    • Lighting design concepts:
      • Ambient lighting provides overall illumination for orientation and general tasks.
      • Local and supplementary lighting provides a small, high-level area of lighting without contributing to the general lighting.
      • Accent/directional lighting highlights special objects of interest or guides occupants.
      • Task lighting is mainly functional and is usually the most concentrated, for purposes such as reading or inspection.
    • Lighting system parameters:
      • Lighting levels should be adequate for efficient seeing of the particular task involved.
      • Lighting equipment should be unobtrusive, but not necessarily invisible.
      • Lighting must have the proper quality.

    Lighting Methods

    • Combined general and local lighting is used in areas where the general visual task is low, but local high-intensity lighting is required.
    • LED lamps are long-lasting, reliable, and produce a comfortable white light, essential for secure uniform lighting.

    Lighting Design Considerations

    • Integration of lighting with the architecture, acoustics, structural concerns, HVAC systems, electrical systems, and graphic and signage of the space.
    • Lighting has thermal and visual aspects, with one watt of lighting producing heat gain in space.
    • Well-designed building lighting considers Vitruvius' Vitruvian Triad: Venustas (beauty), Firmitas (strength), and Utilitas (utility).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of acoustics, including the characteristics of sound and pitch, and how to control and eliminate unwanted noise. Learn about the frequency of sound waves and how they are perceived by the human ear.

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