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Questions and Answers
Targeted temperature management for adults is between _____ and _____ degrees Celsius.
32, 36
What is the lowest level required for arterial O2 saturation?
94%
What is the mean arterial pressure goal?
65 mm Hg or greater
A team leader should minimize interruptions in compressions.
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What qualities should a team member possess during resuscitation? (Select all that apply)
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What does the resuscitation triangle consist of?
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Should you start CPR when unsure about a pulse?
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What are agonal gasps a sign of?
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What should you check for during BLS assessment?
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Chest compressions should be done for no longer than _____ seconds.
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What is Coronary Perfusion Pressure (CPP) defined as?
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What are the characteristics of quality compressions? (Select all that apply)
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What is the primary assessment acronym?
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What does SAMPLE stand for in a secondary assessment?
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H&Ts are common reversible causes of cardiac arrest: Hypovolemia, hypoxia, _____, Tension pneumo, tamponade.
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What are the two most common causes of PEA?
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What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism (PE)?
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What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade?
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What is the treatment for tension pneumothorax?
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Study Notes
Targeted Temperature Management
- Aim for temperature range: 32 - 36°C (89.6 - 95.2°F) for adults.
Oxygen Titration
- Administer inspired O2 to maintain arterial O2 saturation at 94% without causing O2 toxicity.
Mean Arterial Pressure
- Goal is a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or higher.
Responsibilities of the Team Leader
- Ensure strong, fast chest compressions; prioritize minimal interruptions.
- Complete chest recoil is crucial; avoid excessive ventilation.
Team Member Roles
- Each member should know their specific role, be prepared, and practice resuscitation consistently.
- Must possess knowledge of algorithms and a commitment to team success.
Resuscitation Triangle
- Roles include:
- Compressor: Assesses patient and performs compressions, alternates with AED operator.
- AED/Defibrillator Monitor: Handles AED, places monitor for visibility, alternates with the compressor.
- Airway Rescuer: Maintains an open airway and provides ventilations.
Leadership Structure
- Team Leader: Assigns roles, makes treatment decisions, and oversees all interventions.
- Medications: Responsible for IV/IO access and medication administration.
- Time Recorder: Tracks interventions and medication timings, communicating with the team leader.
CPR Uncertainty
- Start CPR if unsure about a pulse; it's preferable to deliver compressions than to delay.
Agonal Gasping
- Present in the initial minutes of cardiac arrest, resembling quick air intake; occurs at a slow rate and may include various sounds like snorting or groaning.
Basic Life Support (BLS) Assessment
- Initial steps: Check responsiveness, call for help, get an AED, check for breathing and pulse.
- If no pulse in 10 seconds, begin chest compressions; if pulse is present, administer rescue breaths.
Minimizing Interruptions
- Keep interruptions to less than 10 seconds; avoid prolonged rhythm analysis and excessive pulse checks.
Coronary Perfusion Pressure
- Defined as the difference between aortic and right atrial pressures; a CPP of 15 mm Hg or higher is necessary for ROSC.
Quality of Compressions
- Compressions should be 2 inches (5 cm) deep at a rate of 100-120 BPM with full recoil allowed.
Single Rescuer CPR Approach
- For cardiac arrest: Activate help, procure an AED, return to the patient to begin CPR.
- In cases of drowning: Provide 2 minutes of CPR before activating emergency services.
Primary Assessment Steps
- Conduct an assessment of Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability (AVPU), and Exposure.
Secondary Assessment
- Involves obtaining a focused medical history using SAMPLE: Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events.
H&Ts
- Common reversible causes of cardiac arrest:
- Hypovolemia, hypoxia, acidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, and various mechanical and toxicological factors.
Most Common Causes of PEA
- Primarily due to hypoxia and hypovolemia.
PEA Hypovolemia Indicators
- Characterized by rapid, narrow-complex tachycardia and variable blood pressure; consider volume infusion if suspected.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Refers to sudden symptoms indicating unstable angina or myocardial infarction.
Treatment Options
- Pulmonary Embolism: Administer fibrinolytics.
- Cardiac Tamponade: Perform pericardiocentesis.
- Tension Pneumothorax: Needle decompression followed by chest tube placement.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) for adults. This quiz includes critical definitions and guidelines based on the 2022 standards. Perfect for healthcare professionals preparing for emergency situations.
