Knee Injuries

The ACL controls the anterior glide of the tibia on the femur, particularly in the anterior region of the intercondylar notch. It attaches to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle. The anteromedial bundle is taut in flexion, while the posterolateral bundle is taut in extension, contributing to knee stability.

Risk factors for ACL injury include anatomical factors such as Q angle and valgus alignment, hormonal factors like estrogen levels, biomechanical factors including genetics and collagen structure/type, and neuromuscular factors such as coordination of multiple movements.

ACL injuries can occur due to a sudden twist or pivot on a fixed foot, hyperextension of the knee, deceleration, or landing awkwardly. It is uncommon for ACL injuries to occur in isolation and often occurs with other knee injuries like meniscal or bone marrow lesions.

<p>ACL injuries are classified into Grade I (minor strain), Grade II (partial tear), and Grade III (complete rupture). The classification indicates the severity of the injury and guides the required treatment, ranging from conservative management for Grade I to surgical intervention for Grade III injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Audible pop, effusion/swelling, pain, instability/giving way</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lachman’s test, anterior drawer, Lever’s test, pivot-shift test + palpation (looking for reproduction of pain)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lead to poor meniscal function, increased tibiofemoral contact forces that can cause early OA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Popping sounds when rising from chair or squatting, pain with full knee extension, joint line tenderness, positive McMurrays</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Address pain, thigh and calf bulk, ROM, LL strength assessment, Tampa scale goals by 6-10 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain is passive treatments, educate patient, modify activity accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower limb strengthening exercises, de-loading tape, myofascial/soft tissue release, footwear/orthotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patellar tendinopathy, fat pad irritation, patellar stress fracture, referred pain from hip, bursitis, meniscal lesions, ligamentous lesions, bone marrow/chondral lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgery is important for patients with high demand activities e.g. sports or episodes of giving way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meniscal root lesions, meniscal ramp lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ramp lesion is 4-6x more likely to occur if MRI has posteromedial or lateral bone bruising</p> Signup and view all the answers