Acknowledgment Numbers in Computer Communication Networks
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Questions and Answers

What happens if an error-free ACK arrives with ackNo related to one of the outstanding packets?

The packet is marked as acknowledged.

What action is taken if a corrupted ACK or an error-free ACK with ackNo not related to outstanding packets arrives?

The ACK is discarded.

What does the sender do if a time-out occurs?

The sender resends all unacknowledged packets in the window and restarts the timer.

What is the response when an error-free packet with seqNo in the window arrives at the receiver?

<p>The packet is stored and an ACK with ackNo = seqNo is sent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an error-free packet with seqNo outside the window arrives at the receiver?

<p>The packet is discarded, but an ACK with ackNo = Rn is returned to the sender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken if a corrupted packet arrives at the receiver?

<p>The packet is discarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What convention is used for acknowledgment numbers in the Go-Back-N protocol?

<p>The acknowledgment numbers always announce the sequence number of the next packet expected by the receiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Go-Back-N protocol, what does the receiver do when packet 0 has arrived safely?

<p>The receiver sends an ACK with acknowledgment 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a packet arrives safely in the Go-Back-N protocol, what does the receiver acknowledge if it expects the next packet to be 0?

<p>The receiver sends an ACK with acknowledgment 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the control variable for the sender in the Go-Back-N protocol?

<p>The control variable for the sender is S (sender).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the control variable for the receiver in the Go-Back-N protocol?

<p>The control variable for the receiver is R (receiver).</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the FSM for the Stop-and-Wait protocol, when can the sender move between the ready and blocking states?

<p>The sender can move between the ready and blocking states in the Stop-and-Wait protocol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'cumulative' in the context of acknowledgment numbers in TCP.

<p>If a party uses 5643 as an acknowledgment number, it means that it has received all bytes from the beginning up to 5642.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acknowledgment number represent in TCP?

<p>The acknowledgment number in TCP is the last byte received, incremented by 1, and then announced by the receiving party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of 'sequence number' in TCP segments.

<p>The sequence number in TCP segments defines the number assigned to the first byte of data contained in the segment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Source port address in a TCP segment?

<p>The Source port address in a TCP segment defines the port number of the sending host's application program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the acknowledgment number considered cumulative in TCP?

<p>The acknowledgment number is cumulative in TCP to indicate the next expected byte after the last one received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the acknowledgment mechanism work in TCP?

<p>The receiving party in TCP acknowledges the last byte received by incrementing it by 1 and sending this value back to the sender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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