18 Questions
What happens if an error-free ACK arrives with ackNo related to one of the outstanding packets?
The packet is marked as acknowledged.
What action is taken if a corrupted ACK or an error-free ACK with ackNo not related to outstanding packets arrives?
The ACK is discarded.
What does the sender do if a time-out occurs?
The sender resends all unacknowledged packets in the window and restarts the timer.
What is the response when an error-free packet with seqNo in the window arrives at the receiver?
The packet is stored and an ACK with ackNo = seqNo is sent.
What happens if an error-free packet with seqNo outside the window arrives at the receiver?
The packet is discarded, but an ACK with ackNo = Rn is returned to the sender.
What action is taken if a corrupted packet arrives at the receiver?
The packet is discarded.
What convention is used for acknowledgment numbers in the Go-Back-N protocol?
The acknowledgment numbers always announce the sequence number of the next packet expected by the receiver.
In the Go-Back-N protocol, what does the receiver do when packet 0 has arrived safely?
The receiver sends an ACK with acknowledgment 1.
When a packet arrives safely in the Go-Back-N protocol, what does the receiver acknowledge if it expects the next packet to be 0?
The receiver sends an ACK with acknowledgment 0.
What is the control variable for the sender in the Go-Back-N protocol?
The control variable for the sender is S (sender).
What is the control variable for the receiver in the Go-Back-N protocol?
The control variable for the receiver is R (receiver).
In the FSM for the Stop-and-Wait protocol, when can the sender move between the ready and blocking states?
The sender can move between the ready and blocking states in the Stop-and-Wait protocol.
Define the term 'cumulative' in the context of acknowledgment numbers in TCP.
If a party uses 5643 as an acknowledgment number, it means that it has received all bytes from the beginning up to 5642.
What does the acknowledgment number represent in TCP?
The acknowledgment number in TCP is the last byte received, incremented by 1, and then announced by the receiving party.
Explain the concept of 'sequence number' in TCP segments.
The sequence number in TCP segments defines the number assigned to the first byte of data contained in the segment.
What is the purpose of the Source port address in a TCP segment?
The Source port address in a TCP segment defines the port number of the sending host's application program.
Why is the acknowledgment number considered cumulative in TCP?
The acknowledgment number is cumulative in TCP to indicate the next expected byte after the last one received.
How does the acknowledgment mechanism work in TCP?
The receiving party in TCP acknowledges the last byte received by incrementing it by 1 and sending this value back to the sender.
Learn about acknowledgment numbers in computer communication networks where the received packet sequence number indicates the next expected packet. Explore how acknowledgments work in data packet transmissions.
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