Acid/base thatcher

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Which type of acid is produced from the catabolism of proteins and phospholipids?

Carbonic acid

Volatile acid

Sulfuric acid

Fixed acid (correct)

What happens when carbon dioxide combines with water?

It forms phosphoric acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3-

It forms volatile acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3-

It forms carbonic acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3- (correct)

It forms sulfuric acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3-

Which ion buffers the H+ ion in the venous blood?

Oxygen

HCO3-

CO2

Deoxyhemoglobin (correct)

What is the first line of defense when H+ is gained or lost from the body?

HCO3-/CO2 extracellular buffer Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a buffer in a solution?

To absorb excess H+ Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to resist a lowering of pH?

Decrease CO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

How can H+ excretion occur in the urine?

Through urinary phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme can block bicarbonate reabsorption?

Acetazolamide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?

blocking NKCC2 To prevent sodium and potassium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH level that arterial blood attempts to maintain through deoxyhemoglobin?

7.4 Signup and view all the answers

Which substance can no longer diffuse back into the cell once it becomes ionized to ammonium?

Ammonium Signup and view all the answers

What type of trapping occurs for weak acids and weak bases that are drugs?

Ionization trapping Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to get rid of weak acids like aspirin?

Alkalinize the urine Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to get rid of weak bases like methamphetamines?

Acidify the urine Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the collecting duct can secrete HCO3- in exchange for chloride in cases of HCO3- excess?

Beta-intercalated cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of H+ released in the urine via titratable acids and ammonium called?

Net acid excretion (NAE) Signup and view all the answers

What are any anions that bind H+ called?

Titratable acids Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is the most important urinary buffer for promoting H+ secretion from the body?

Phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Why are mechanisms for promoting H+ secretion from the body important?

To maintain acid-base balance Signup and view all the answers

What becomes the only effective system for buffering if the lungs' buffering capacity is compromised?

Renal buffering Signup and view all the answers

Which type of acid-base disturbance is characterized by the kidneys compensating for the respiratory imbalance?

Chronic respiratory acid-base disturbance Signup and view all the answers

What is free water clearance?

The amount of distilled water that is free of solutes Signup and view all the answers

When are ADH levels low?

In diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?

Hyper-osmotic Signup and view all the answers

What does CH2O = 0 indicate?

No free water excreted, urine is isosmotic with plasma Signup and view all the answers

When do pH and PaCO2 go in opposite directions?

In respiratory disorders Signup and view all the answers

When do pH and PaCO2 go in the same direction?

In metabolic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What does CH2O > 0 indicate?

ADH levels are high Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of free water clearance?

To assess the kidneys' ability to make a dilute or concentrated urine Signup and view all the answers

Which system is stimulated to conserve bicarbonate when there is ECF volume contraction?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption when there is ECF volume expansion?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?

Infusing isotonic saline Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis?

Treating the underlying disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis?

Decrease in HCO3- concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

Hypoventilation Signup and view all the answers

What causes a simple respiratory acidosis?

Hypoventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?

Increased Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules Signup and view all the answers

Acid/base thatcher

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Questions and Answers

Which type of acid is produced from the catabolism of proteins and phospholipids?

What happens when carbon dioxide combines with water?

Which ion buffers the H+ ion in the venous blood?

What is the first line of defense when H+ is gained or lost from the body?

What is the function of a buffer in a solution?

What is one way to resist a lowering of pH?

How can H+ excretion occur in the urine?

Which enzyme can block bicarbonate reabsorption?

What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?

What is the pH level that arterial blood attempts to maintain through deoxyhemoglobin?

Which substance can no longer diffuse back into the cell once it becomes ionized to ammonium?

What type of trapping occurs for weak acids and weak bases that are drugs?

What can be done to get rid of weak acids like aspirin?

What can be done to get rid of weak bases like methamphetamines?

Which cells in the collecting duct can secrete HCO3- in exchange for chloride in cases of HCO3- excess?

What is the amount of H+ released in the urine via titratable acids and ammonium called?

What are any anions that bind H+ called?

Which substance is the most important urinary buffer for promoting H+ secretion from the body?

Why are mechanisms for promoting H+ secretion from the body important?

What becomes the only effective system for buffering if the lungs' buffering capacity is compromised?

Which type of acid-base disturbance is characterized by the kidneys compensating for the respiratory imbalance?

What is free water clearance?

When are ADH levels low?

What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?

What does CH2O = 0 indicate?

When do pH and PaCO2 go in opposite directions?

When do pH and PaCO2 go in the same direction?

What does CH2O > 0 indicate?

What is the purpose of free water clearance?

Which system is stimulated to conserve bicarbonate when there is ECF volume contraction?

What inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption when there is ECF volume expansion?

What is the treatment for chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?

What is the treatment for chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis?

What is the primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis?

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis?

What causes a simple respiratory acidosis?

Which of the following is a characteristic of chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?

What is the primary disturbance in a simple metabolic acidosis?

What causes a simple respiratory alkalosis?

What is the compensation mechanism for a metabolic acid-base disturbance?

What is the compensation mechanism for a respiratory acid-base disturbance?

What is the CH2O value when ADH levels are low?

What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?

What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?

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