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Questions and Answers
Which type of acid is produced from the catabolism of proteins and phospholipids?
Which type of acid is produced from the catabolism of proteins and phospholipids?
- Carbonic acid
- Volatile acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Fixed acid (correct)
What happens when carbon dioxide combines with water?
What happens when carbon dioxide combines with water?
- It forms phosphoric acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3-
- It forms volatile acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3-
- It forms carbonic acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3- (correct)
- It forms sulfuric acid, then dissociate to H+ and HCO3-
Which ion buffers the H+ ion in the venous blood?
Which ion buffers the H+ ion in the venous blood?
- Oxygen
- HCO3-
- CO2
- Deoxyhemoglobin (correct)
What is the first line of defense when H+ is gained or lost from the body?
What is the first line of defense when H+ is gained or lost from the body?
What is the function of a buffer in a solution?
What is the function of a buffer in a solution?
What is one way to resist a lowering of pH?
What is one way to resist a lowering of pH?
How can H+ excretion occur in the urine?
How can H+ excretion occur in the urine?
Which enzyme can block bicarbonate reabsorption?
Which enzyme can block bicarbonate reabsorption?
What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?
What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?
What is the pH level that arterial blood attempts to maintain through deoxyhemoglobin?
What is the pH level that arterial blood attempts to maintain through deoxyhemoglobin?
Which substance can no longer diffuse back into the cell once it becomes ionized to ammonium?
Which substance can no longer diffuse back into the cell once it becomes ionized to ammonium?
What type of trapping occurs for weak acids and weak bases that are drugs?
What type of trapping occurs for weak acids and weak bases that are drugs?
What can be done to get rid of weak acids like aspirin?
What can be done to get rid of weak acids like aspirin?
What can be done to get rid of weak bases like methamphetamines?
What can be done to get rid of weak bases like methamphetamines?
Which cells in the collecting duct can secrete HCO3- in exchange for chloride in cases of HCO3- excess?
Which cells in the collecting duct can secrete HCO3- in exchange for chloride in cases of HCO3- excess?
What is the amount of H+ released in the urine via titratable acids and ammonium called?
What is the amount of H+ released in the urine via titratable acids and ammonium called?
What are any anions that bind H+ called?
What are any anions that bind H+ called?
Which substance is the most important urinary buffer for promoting H+ secretion from the body?
Which substance is the most important urinary buffer for promoting H+ secretion from the body?
Why are mechanisms for promoting H+ secretion from the body important?
Why are mechanisms for promoting H+ secretion from the body important?
What becomes the only effective system for buffering if the lungs' buffering capacity is compromised?
What becomes the only effective system for buffering if the lungs' buffering capacity is compromised?
Which type of acid-base disturbance is characterized by the kidneys compensating for the respiratory imbalance?
Which type of acid-base disturbance is characterized by the kidneys compensating for the respiratory imbalance?
What is free water clearance?
What is free water clearance?
When are ADH levels low?
When are ADH levels low?
What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?
What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?
What does CH2O = 0 indicate?
What does CH2O = 0 indicate?
When do pH and PaCO2 go in opposite directions?
When do pH and PaCO2 go in opposite directions?
When do pH and PaCO2 go in the same direction?
When do pH and PaCO2 go in the same direction?
What does CH2O > 0 indicate?
What does CH2O > 0 indicate?
What is the purpose of free water clearance?
What is the purpose of free water clearance?
Which system is stimulated to conserve bicarbonate when there is ECF volume contraction?
Which system is stimulated to conserve bicarbonate when there is ECF volume contraction?
What inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption when there is ECF volume expansion?
What inhibits bicarbonate reabsorption when there is ECF volume expansion?
What is the treatment for chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?
What is the treatment for chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?
What is the treatment for chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis?
What is the treatment for chloride-resistant metabolic alkalosis?
What is the primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis?
What is the primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis?
What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?
What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?
What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis?
What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis?
What causes a simple respiratory acidosis?
What causes a simple respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of chloride-sensitive metabolic alkalosis?
What is the primary disturbance in a simple metabolic acidosis?
What is the primary disturbance in a simple metabolic acidosis?
What causes a simple respiratory alkalosis?
What causes a simple respiratory alkalosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for a metabolic acid-base disturbance?
What is the compensation mechanism for a metabolic acid-base disturbance?
What is the compensation mechanism for a respiratory acid-base disturbance?
What is the compensation mechanism for a respiratory acid-base disturbance?
What is the CH2O value when ADH levels are low?
What is the CH2O value when ADH levels are low?
What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?
What is the osmolarity of urine when CH2O is negative?
What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?
What is the function of diuretics like furosemide?
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