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Questions and Answers
What do acids release in aqueous solutions?
H+ ions
What color does blue litmus paper turn in an acidic solution?
Acids react with _____ to produce hydrogen gas and salt.
metals
Which of the following is a characteristic of strong acids?
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Natural acids are obtained from synthetic sources.
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What is the pH of a solution related to?
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What are bases known to produce in an aqueous solution?
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Turmeric paper turns reddish brown with _____.
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Match the acids with their types:
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Study Notes
Indicators
- Indicators change color to indicate whether a solution is acidic or basic.
- Natural indicators include litmus, turmeric, red cabbage, and China rose.
- Litmus obtained from lichens is purple; blue litmus turns red in the presence of acid, while red litmus turns blue with a base.
- Turmeric is yellow and turns reddish-brown with a base; it remains unchanged by acids.
- Juice from red cabbage is originally purple, turning reddish with acid and greenish with a base.
Acids
- Acids taste sour, turn blue litmus red, and release H⁺ ions when dissolved in water.
- Examples of acids include Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH), and Nitric Acid (HNO₃).
- Properties of acids: sour taste, blue litmus to red, conducts electricity, and releases H⁺ ions.
- Acids classified as Natural (e.g., Methanoic acid, Acetic acid) or Mineral (e.g., Hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid).
- Strong acids fully ionize in water, while weak acids partially ionize.
Chemical Properties of Acids
- Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and respective salts (Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen).
- Acids react with metal carbonates and bicarbonates to yield salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
- Acids also react with metal oxides to form salt and water (Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water).
Bases
- Bases taste bitter, feel soapy, turn red litmus blue, and release OH– ions in aqueous solutions.
- Common bases include Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), and Potassium hydroxide (KOH).
- Properties of bases: bitter taste, soapy touch, red litmus to blue, conducts electricity, releases OH– ions.
- Strong bases fully ionize in water, while weak bases partially ionize (e.g., Ammonium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide).
Chemical Properties of Bases
- Bases react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and salts (Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen).
- Bases react with non-metal oxides to produce salt and water.
- Acidic reactions with metal oxides yield salt and water (Acid + Metal Oxide → Salt + Water).
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution; the pH value is inversely related to the hydrogen ion concentration.
- Solutions with high hydrogen ion concentration have low pH values, while those with low concentration have high pH values.
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Description
This quiz covers the essentials of acids, bases, and salts, focusing on indicators that reveal the nature of solutions through color changes. Explore the types of indicators including natural indicators such as litmus and turmeric, and understand their significance in chemistry.
