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Questions and Answers
What is the pH range of a strongly acidic solution?
What is the general equation for a neutralization reaction?
Which of the following is a weak alkali?
What is the pH of a solution that is neutral?
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What is the characteristic of neutralization reactions in terms of energy?
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Study Notes
pH Scale
- A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution
- pH ranges from 0-14, with:
- 0-1: Strongly acidic
- 2-3: Acidic
- 4-5: Weakly acidic
- 6-7: Neutral
- 8-9: Weakly basic
- 10-12: Basic
- 13-14: Strongly basic
- pH is calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H+]
Types of Alkalis
- Strong Alkalis:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Weak Alkalis:
- Ammonia (NH3)
- Organic bases (e.g. amines)
Neutralization Reactions
- A reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water
- General equation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- Examples:
- HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)
- H2SO4 (acid) + Ca(OH)2 (base) → CaSO4 (salt) + H2O (water)
- Neutralization reactions are exothermic, releasing heat energy
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Description
Learn about the pH scale, types of acids and bases, and neutralization reactions. Understand how to calculate pH and identify strong and weak acids and bases.
