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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason that an aqueous solution of an acid can conduct electricity?
What is the primary reason that an aqueous solution of an acid can conduct electricity?
- The presence of water molecules.
- The saturation level of the acid.
- The presence of hydronium ions (H3O +). (correct)
- The temperature of the solution.
Why does dry HCl gas not affect the color of dry litmus paper?
Why does dry HCl gas not affect the color of dry litmus paper?
- HCl gas does not release ions in a dry state. (correct)
- Litmus paper does not react with gases.
- HCl gas is not soluble in water.
- The color change only occurs at high temperatures.
What happens to the concentration of hydronium ions when an acid solution is diluted?
What happens to the concentration of hydronium ions when an acid solution is diluted?
- It remains constant.
- It decreases. (correct)
- It increases significantly.
- It becomes negative.
Why should acid be added to water during dilution rather than the other way around?
Why should acid be added to water during dilution rather than the other way around?
How does the concentration of hydroxide ions change when excess base is added to a sodium hydroxide solution?
How does the concentration of hydroxide ions change when excess base is added to a sodium hydroxide solution?
Which statement regarding pH and hydrogen ion concentration is accurate?
Which statement regarding pH and hydrogen ion concentration is accurate?
What would be the pH of a neutral solution?
What would be the pH of a neutral solution?
Which characteristic of universal indicators is true?
Which characteristic of universal indicators is true?
What characterizes a strong acid compared to a weak acid?
What characterizes a strong acid compared to a weak acid?
Which pH range is optimal for most living organisms?
Which pH range is optimal for most living organisms?
Why is acid rain problematic for aquatic life?
Why is acid rain problematic for aquatic life?
What is a consequence of a pH lower than 5.6 in rainwater?
What is a consequence of a pH lower than 5.6 in rainwater?
What defines weak bases in comparison to strong bases?
What defines weak bases in comparison to strong bases?
What is produced alongside sodium carbonate when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated?
What is produced alongside sodium carbonate when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated?
What could potentially limit plant growth related to soil pH?
What could potentially limit plant growth related to soil pH?
Which of the following describes a reaction involving sodium hydrogencarbonate used in baking powder?
Which of the following describes a reaction involving sodium hydrogencarbonate used in baking powder?
What is a characteristic of the atmosphere of Venus?
What is a characteristic of the atmosphere of Venus?
In what form does washing soda exist as indicated by its chemical formula Na2CO3.10H2O?
In what form does washing soda exist as indicated by its chemical formula Na2CO3.10H2O?
How can one determine the pH necessary for healthy plant growth?
How can one determine the pH necessary for healthy plant growth?
What is the primary industrial use of washing soda?
What is the primary industrial use of washing soda?
How does sodium hydrogencarbonate function as an ingredient in antacids?
How does sodium hydrogencarbonate function as an ingredient in antacids?
What occurs when sodium bicarbonate reacts with an acid during baking?
What occurs when sodium bicarbonate reacts with an acid during baking?
What effect does sodium carbonate have when used as a cleaning agent?
What effect does sodium carbonate have when used as a cleaning agent?
Which reaction results when baking powder is dissolved in water or heated?
Which reaction results when baking powder is dissolved in water or heated?
Which indicator would you use to test whether a solution is basic?
Which indicator would you use to test whether a solution is basic?
What color does blue litmus paper turn when it is placed in an acidic solution?
What color does blue litmus paper turn when it is placed in an acidic solution?
Which of the following substances is a natural acid-base indicator?
Which of the following substances is a natural acid-base indicator?
What is the effect of a basic solution on a red litmus paper?
What is the effect of a basic solution on a red litmus paper?
What happens to a stain of curry on a cloth when scrubbed with soap, which is basic?
What happens to a stain of curry on a cloth when scrubbed with soap, which is basic?
Which household remedy would best neutralize acidity in the stomach?
Which household remedy would best neutralize acidity in the stomach?
What is the original color of litmus solution when it is neutral?
What is the original color of litmus solution when it is neutral?
Which property of acids and bases allows them to counteract each other's effects?
Which property of acids and bases allows them to counteract each other's effects?
What is the primary reason for the blue-green color of the solution in the reaction of a metal oxide with an acid?
What is the primary reason for the blue-green color of the solution in the reaction of a metal oxide with an acid?
What is a common product when a metallic oxide reacts with an acid?
What is a common product when a metallic oxide reacts with an acid?
Which type of oxide is classified as a basic oxide?
Which type of oxide is classified as a basic oxide?
What occurs during the reaction of carbon dioxide with calcium hydroxide?
What occurs during the reaction of carbon dioxide with calcium hydroxide?
When a non-metallic oxide reacts with a base, what is the expected outcome?
When a non-metallic oxide reacts with a base, what is the expected outcome?
What common property do all acids exhibit when reacting with metals?
What common property do all acids exhibit when reacting with metals?
Why should acidic substances not be stored in copper vessels?
Why should acidic substances not be stored in copper vessels?
Which factor is responsible for the similar chemical properties of all acids?
Which factor is responsible for the similar chemical properties of all acids?
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Study Notes
Metal Oxides
- Metal oxides react with acids to form salts and water.
- Metal oxides are considered basic oxides due to their reaction with acids.
Non-Metallic Oxides
- Non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
- Non-metallic oxides react with bases to form salts and water.
Acids and Bases
- Acids are sour and turn blue litmus paper red.
- Bases are bitter and turn red litmus paper blue.
- Acids generate hydrogen gas when they react with metals.
- Litmus, turmeric, methyl orange and phenolphthalein are examples of indicators used to test for acids and bases.
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
- A pH of 0 is very acidic, while a pH of 14 is very basic.
- A pH of 7 is considered neutral.
- The strength of an acid or base depends on the number of H+ or OH- ions it produces.
Importance of pH
- Living organisms, including plants and animals, have a narrow pH range they can survive in.
- Acid rain, with a pH less than 5.6, can harm aquatic life.
- Different plants require specific pH ranges for healthy growth.
Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (Baking Soda)
- Sodium hydrogencarbonate is a mild, non-corrosive basic salt.
- It is an ingredient in baking powder, antacids, and soda-acid fire extinguishers
- When heated, it decomposes into sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.
- It is used in baking because the carbon dioxide produced helps bread and cake rise.
Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda)
- Sodium carbonate is a basic salt.
- It is made from sodium chloride.
- It is used in glass, soap, and paper industries.
- It is also used in the manufacture of sodium compounds, like borax.
- It is a cleaning agent and is used to remove permanent hardness from water.
Salts and Water
- Salts are formed when an acid reacts with a base or a metal oxide.
- The water molecule in salts like Na2CO3.10H2O does not mean the salt is wet, but rather indicates there are ten water molecules associated with each sodium carbonate molecule.
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