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Questions and Answers
During the electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide, what happens at the anode?
During the electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide, what happens at the anode?
- Oxide ions ($O^{2-}$) lose electrons and are oxidized. (correct)
- Aluminum ions ($Al^{3+}$) gain electrons and are reduced.
- Aluminum ions ($Al^{3+}$) lose electrons and are oxidized.
- Oxide ions ($O^{2-}$) gain electrons and are reduced.
Which statement accurately describes the difference between strong and weak acids in aqueous solutions?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between strong and weak acids in aqueous solutions?
- Strong acids completely dissociate, while weak acids partially dissociate. (correct)
- Strong acids do not react with bases, while weak acids do.
- Strong acids have a higher pH than weak acids at the same concentration.
- Strong acids partially dissociate, while weak acids completely dissociate.
What is the purpose of titration in a chemical analysis?
What is the purpose of titration in a chemical analysis?
- To accurately determine the concentration of a known solution.
- To measure the rate of a chemical reaction.
- To identify the color change of an indicator.
- To accurately determine the concentration of an unknown solution. (correct)
Consider the reaction between zinc metal and hydrochloric acid. Which of the following correctly describes the half-equation for the oxidation process?
Consider the reaction between zinc metal and hydrochloric acid. Which of the following correctly describes the half-equation for the oxidation process?
A metal, M, reacts with a dilute acid to produce hydrogen gas. It also displaces silver from silver nitrate solution. Arrange M, silver, and hydrogen in order of decreasing reactivity.
A metal, M, reacts with a dilute acid to produce hydrogen gas. It also displaces silver from silver nitrate solution. Arrange M, silver, and hydrogen in order of decreasing reactivity.
Which of the following methods is most suitable for extracting a metal that is located high in the reactivity series, such as potassium?
Which of the following methods is most suitable for extracting a metal that is located high in the reactivity series, such as potassium?
When excess dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with a carbonate salt, which gas is produced?
When excess dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with a carbonate salt, which gas is produced?
In the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate ($CuSO_4$) using inert electrodes, what product is formed at the cathode?
In the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate ($CuSO_4$) using inert electrodes, what product is formed at the cathode?
A student performs a titration to determine the concentration of a sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) solution. They find that 25.0 cm³ of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) is required to neutralize 10.0 cm³ of the acid. What is the concentration of the sulfuric acid?
A student performs a titration to determine the concentration of a sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) solution. They find that 25.0 cm³ of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) is required to neutralize 10.0 cm³ of the acid. What is the concentration of the sulfuric acid?
What is the approximate pH of a solution containing a weak acid at a concentration where it is only slightly dissociated?
What is the approximate pH of a solution containing a weak acid at a concentration where it is only slightly dissociated?
Flashcards
Redox Reaction
Redox Reaction
A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two species, resulting in changes in oxidation states.
Ionic Half Equations
Ionic Half Equations
Representations of oxidation or reduction processes, showing only the ions involved and the number of electrons transferred.
Reactivity of Metals
Reactivity of Metals
The tendency of a metal to lose electrons and form positive ions.
Metal Extraction
Metal Extraction
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Metals and Acids
Metals and Acids
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Acid-Base Neutralization
Acid-Base Neutralization
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Titration
Titration
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Titration Calculations
Titration Calculations
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Electrolysis
Electrolysis
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Electrolysis (Aqueous Solutions)
Electrolysis (Aqueous Solutions)
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Study Notes
- Redox reactions involve both reduction and oxidation processes.
- Ionic half-equations represent oxidation or reduction reactions separately, showing electron transfer.
Reactivity of Metals
- The reactivity series ranks metals based on their ease of oxidation.
- Metals higher in the series displace those lower from their compounds.
Metal Extraction
- Metals are extracted from their ores using methods appropriate to their reactivity.
- More reactive metals are extracted using electrolysis.
- Less reactive metals are extracted by heating with carbon.
Metals and Acids
- Metals react with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas.
- The rate of reaction depends on the metal's reactivity.
Acid + Base/Alkali/Carbonates
- Acids react with bases and alkalis in neutralization reactions, forming a salt and water.
- Acids react with carbonates to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
Making Salts
- Salts are made by reacting acids with metals, bases, or carbonates, or by precipitation reactions.
- The method used depends on the solubility of the salt.
Strong and Weak Acids
- Strong acids fully dissociate into ions in solution.
- Weak acids only partially dissociate into ions in solution.
Neutralisation and pH
- Neutralisation involves the reaction of an acid with a base, resulting in a neutral pH of 7.
- pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Titration
- Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of a solution.
- It involves the gradual addition of one solution to another until the reaction is complete.
Titration Calculations
- Titration calculations use stoichiometry to determine unknown concentrations.
- The endpoint of a titration is identified using an indicator.
Electrolysis (Molten Compounds)
- Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to decompose a compound.
- In molten compounds, ions are free to move and conduct electricity.
Electrolysis (Metal Extraction)
- Electrolysis is used to extract metals from their ores.
- Reactive metals like aluminum are extracted this way.
Electrolysis (Aqueous Solutions)
- In aqueous solutions, water is also present and can be electrolyzed.
- The products depend on the relative reactivity of the ions present.
Electrolysis
- During electrolysis, reduction occurs at the cathode.
- Oxidation occurs at the anode.
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