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Questions and Answers
What color does copper sulfate turn after heating?
What color does copper sulfate turn after heating?
- Green
- Blue
- Yellow
- White (correct)
What happens when water is added to heated copper sulfate?
What happens when water is added to heated copper sulfate?
- It turns red.
- It turns blue again. (correct)
- It remains white.
- It dissolves completely.
How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of hydrated copper sulfate?
How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of hydrated copper sulfate?
- 5 (correct)
- 2
- 1
- 10
What is the chemical formula for gypsum?
What is the chemical formula for gypsum?
What is produced when gypsum is heated at 373 K?
What is produced when gypsum is heated at 373 K?
What role does water of crystallization play in salts?
What role does water of crystallization play in salts?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water of crystallization?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water of crystallization?
What is Plaster of Paris used for?
What is Plaster of Paris used for?
What color does blue litmus paper turn when placed in an acidic solution?
What color does blue litmus paper turn when placed in an acidic solution?
Which of the following substances is commonly used as a natural acid-base indicator?
Which of the following substances is commonly used as a natural acid-base indicator?
If a stain of curry on a cloth becomes reddish-brown when scrubbed with soap, what can you conclude about soap?
If a stain of curry on a cloth becomes reddish-brown when scrubbed with soap, what can you conclude about soap?
What is the main reason baking soda solution is suggested for acidity relief?
What is the main reason baking soda solution is suggested for acidity relief?
What happens to red litmus paper when placed in a basic solution?
What happens to red litmus paper when placed in a basic solution?
What does litmus solution indicate when it is purple?
What does litmus solution indicate when it is purple?
Which of the following indicators changes color when it comes into contact with acids?
Which of the following indicators changes color when it comes into contact with acids?
Which of the following substances would likely not alleviate symptoms of acidity?
Which of the following substances would likely not alleviate symptoms of acidity?
What is likely the pH of a solution that turns red litmus blue?
What is likely the pH of a solution that turns red litmus blue?
What gas is produced when a solution reacts with crushed egg-shells that turns lime-water milky?
What gas is produced when a solution reacts with crushed egg-shells that turns lime-water milky?
If 10 mL of NaOH is neutralised by 8 mL of HCl, how much HCl is needed to neutralise 20 mL of NaOH?
If 10 mL of NaOH is neutralised by 8 mL of HCl, how much HCl is needed to neutralise 20 mL of NaOH?
Which type of medicine is used for treating indigestion?
Which type of medicine is used for treating indigestion?
Why do acids not exhibit acidic behavior in the absence of water?
Why do acids not exhibit acidic behavior in the absence of water?
Which of the following solutions is neutral based on their pH values?
Which of the following solutions is neutral based on their pH values?
What characteristic allows distilled water to not conduct electricity?
What characteristic allows distilled water to not conduct electricity?
Among solutions with pH values 4, 1, 11, 7, and 9, which is the weakly acidic solution?
Among solutions with pH values 4, 1, 11, 7, and 9, which is the weakly acidic solution?
What is produced when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated?
What is produced when sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated?
Why is sodium hydrogencarbonate effective in neutralizing an acid?
Why is sodium hydrogencarbonate effective in neutralizing an acid?
What defines a strong acid compared to a weak acid?
What defines a strong acid compared to a weak acid?
What reaction occurs when baking powder is mixed with water?
What reaction occurs when baking powder is mixed with water?
Which use is NOT associated with sodium hydrogencarbonate?
Which use is NOT associated with sodium hydrogencarbonate?
Why is pH important for living organisms?
Why is pH important for living organisms?
What consequence does acid rain have on aquatic life?
What consequence does acid rain have on aquatic life?
What do the 10H2O in Na2CO3.10H2O signify?
What do the 10H2O in Na2CO3.10H2O signify?
How are the pH values of lemon juice and tap water likely to differ?
How are the pH values of lemon juice and tap water likely to differ?
Which industrial application is sodium carbonate known for?
Which industrial application is sodium carbonate known for?
What primary role does sodium bicarbonate play in fire extinguishers?
What primary role does sodium bicarbonate play in fire extinguishers?
What pH range is considered acidic?
What pH range is considered acidic?
Which statement about washing soda is correct?
Which statement about washing soda is correct?
What factor does the strength of a base depend on?
What factor does the strength of a base depend on?
What is the primary component of Venus's atmosphere?
What is the primary component of Venus's atmosphere?
What could be a pH measurement for saliva after a meal compared to before a meal?
What could be a pH measurement for saliva after a meal compared to before a meal?
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Study Notes
Acids and Bases
- Acids are sour and turn blue litmus red.
- Bases are bitter, turn red litmus blue, and are also known as alkalis.
- Turmeric is a natural indicator; it turns reddish-brown in the presence of a base and yellow in the presence of an acid.
- Lemon juice, vinegar, and baking soda solutions are commonly used as remedies for acidity.
- Baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate) is basic and neutralizes excess acid in the stomach.
- Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases.
- Methyl orange and phenolphthalein are synthetic indicators.
- The strength of an acid or base depends on the number of H+ or OH- ions produced, respectively.
- Strong acids produce more H+ ions, while weak acids produce fewer H+ ions.
- Strong bases produce more OH- ions, while weak bases produce fewer OH- ions.
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
- It ranges from 0 to 14.
- pH 7 is neutral.
- Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate basicity.
- Living organisms can only survive within a narrow pH range.
Acid Rain
- Rainwater with a pH less than 5.6 is called acid rain.
- It occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released from burning fossil fuels react with water in the atmosphere.
- Acid rain lowers the pH of rivers and lakes, posing a threat to aquatic life.
Salts
- Salts are formed by the reaction of an acid and a base.
- Salts are ionic compounds that are generally formed when the hydrogen ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion.
- Examples of salts include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Sodium Hydrogencarbonate (Baking Soda)
- Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) is a mild, non-corrosive basic salt.
- It decomposes upon heating, producing sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.
- It is used in baking powder, antacids, and soda-acid fire extinguishers.
Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda)
- Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is a basic salt.
- It is used in the glass, soap, and paper industries, as well as in the manufacture of sodium compounds like borax.
- It can be used as a cleaning agent and for removing permanent hardness in water.
Water of Crystallisation
- Water of crystallisation refers to the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt.
- Copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) contains five water molecules of crystallisation.
- Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) contains two water molecules of crystallisation.
Plaster of Paris
- Plaster of Paris is calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4.1/2H2O).
- It is formed when gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is heated at 373K.
- It is used as a plaster for supporting fractured bones.
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