Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a physical or chemical property of acids?
Which of the following is NOT a physical or chemical property of acids?
What is the formula for the hydronium ion?
What is the formula for the hydronium ion?
H3O+
Which of the following scientists is NOT associated with a model of acid-base theory?
Which of the following scientists is NOT associated with a model of acid-base theory?
What is the difference between the strength and concentration of an acid?
What is the difference between the strength and concentration of an acid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following acids is diprotic?
Which of the following acids is diprotic?
Signup and view all the answers
What does pH stand for?
What does pH stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
The pOH scale is the inverse logarithmic scale of the hydrogen ion concentration.
The pOH scale is the inverse logarithmic scale of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula used to calculate the pH of a solution?
What is the formula used to calculate the pH of a solution?
Signup and view all the answers
Neutralization reactions are double-replacement reactions.
Neutralization reactions are double-replacement reactions.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the point in a titration reaction where moles of H+ from the acid equals moles of OH- from the base?
What is the point in a titration reaction where moles of H+ from the acid equals moles of OH- from the base?
Signup and view all the answers
Titration curves show a sharp rise in pH at the equivalence point for both strong acid and strong base reactions, and weak acid and strong base reactions.
Titration curves show a sharp rise in pH at the equivalence point for both strong acid and strong base reactions, and weak acid and strong base reactions.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of acid is sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?
What type of acid is sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the conjugate base of H3PO4?
What is the conjugate base of H3PO4?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a strong base?
Which of the following is a strong base?
Signup and view all the answers
A weak base ionizes completely in a dilute aqueous solution.
A weak base ionizes completely in a dilute aqueous solution.
Signup and view all the answers
How do acids and bases behave according to the Brønsted-Lowry model?
How do acids and bases behave according to the Brønsted-Lowry model?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a Lewis acid?
Which of the following is NOT a Lewis acid?
Signup and view all the answers
In the Lewis model, a Lewis base ______ a pair of electrons, while a Lewis acid ______ a pair of electrons.
In the Lewis model, a Lewis base ______ a pair of electrons, while a Lewis acid ______ a pair of electrons.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Acids and Bases
- Acids and bases have distinct physical and chemical properties
- Acids taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and neutralize bases. Bases taste bitter, turn red litmus paper blue, and neutralize acids.
- Acids and bases are good conductors of electricity, and acids are corrosive, while bases are caustic. Acids feel astringent and bases feel slippery.
- Acids and bases react with each other to produce a salt and water
- Water produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a process called self-ionization
- Hydronium ion is H3O+
Strength and Concentration
- Acids and bases differ in strength (strong/weak) and concentration (concentrated/diluted).
- Strong acids ionize completely, while weak acids ionize partially.
- Strong bases completely ionize to produce hydroxide ions, while weak bases only partly ionize.
- Concentration refers to the amount of solute in a given volume of solution.
- Molarity (M) is calculated as moles of solute divided by liters of solution.
pH
- pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
- pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
- pOH is a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
- The sum of pH and pOH equals 14.
- Calculations use the formulas: pH = -log[H+], pOH = -log[OH-], 10-pH = [H+], 10-pOH = [OH-], [H+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14
Neutralization
- Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.
- A salt is an ionic compound formed from a cation from the base and an anion from the acid.
- Neutralization is a double-replacement reaction.
Titration
- Titration is a method for determining the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.
- A measured volume of the unknown solution is placed in a flask, and a known concentration solution (titrant) is added from a burette until the equivalence point is reached.
- Equivalence point occurs when the moles of H+ ions from the acid equal the moles of OH- ions from the base.
- An abrupt change in pH marks the equivalence point.
Models of Acids and Bases
- Arrhenius model: Acids produce H+ ions in solution, and bases produce OH- ions.
- Brønsted-Lowry model: Acids donate protons (H+), and bases accept protons. A conjugate acid-base pair is formed.
- Lewis model: Acids accept electron pairs, and bases donate electron pairs.
Indicators
- Chemical dyes that change color depending on the pH of a solution are called acid-base indicators.
- Indicators are used to track the progress of a titration.
- An end point is the point in a titration where the indicator changes color.
Examples of Acids and Bases
- Strong acids: HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HBr (hydrobromic acid), HI (hydroiodic acid), HClO4 (perchloric acid).
- Weak acids: CH3COOH (acetic acid), HCOOH (formic acid).
- Strong bases: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide), Ba(OH)2 (Barium hydroxide).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the distinct properties of acids and bases, including their physical and chemical characteristics. It also covers the concepts of strength and concentration, including the differences between strong and weak acids and bases. Test your knowledge on these fundamental chemical concepts!
