Acids and Bases: Bronsted-Lowry Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of a neutralization reaction?

  • alkali + metal
  • acid + base
  • salt + water (correct)
  • water + carbon dioxide
  • Why do plants need soil to be at a specific pH?

  • to be resistant to diseases
  • to be tolerant to extreme temperatures
  • to grow at a faster rate
  • to absorb nutrients effectively (correct)
  • What is the function of the stomach in the digestive process?

  • to break down food into smaller particles
  • to secrete gastric juices to break chemical bonds (correct)
  • to store food temporarily
  • to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
  • What is the role of the enzyme amylase in the digestive process?

    <p>to break down carbohydrates into simple sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of homeostasis in the body?

    <p>to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to capillaries in cold conditions?

    <p>they constrict (narrow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

    <p>Their ability to completely dissociate into ions in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a strong base in a solution?

    <p>They break up completely to produce a high concentration of hydroxide ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid in the Bronsted-Lowry theory?

    <p>Proton donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Bronsted-Lowry theory and the Arrhenius theory?

    <p>The role of weak and strong acids and bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of a weak acid in a solution?

    <p>pH between 2-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about alkalis and bases?

    <p>All alkalis are bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Bases

    • Acids are proton donors that dissociate into H+ ions in aqueous solution, resulting in a lower pH.
    • Bases are proton acceptors that dissociate into OH- ions in aqueous solution, resulting in a higher pH.

    Strong and Weak Acids/Bases

    • Strong Acids: completely dissociate into ions in a solution, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions, and have a pH > 2.
    • Weak Acids: only partially dissociate into ions in a solution, producing a small amount of hydrogen ions, and have a pH between 2-7.
    • Strong Bases: completely ionize in water, producing a high concentration of hydroxide ions.
    • Weak Bases: only partially ionize in water, producing a small amount of hydroxide ions.

    Arrhenius Theory

    • The Arrhenius theory is similar to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, but it does not include the role of weak and strong acids and bases.

    Examples of Acids and Bases

    • Strong Acids: HNO3, HCL, H2SO4
    • Weak Acids: CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H2O4
    • Strong Bases: LiOH, NaOH, KOH
    • Weak Bases: NH3, Al(OH)3, Pb(OH)2

    Neutralization Reaction

    • Acid + Base = Salt + Water
    • Neutral solutions have an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions.
    • Neutralization is an exothermic reaction.

    Soil Acidity

    • Soil acidity can be neutralized by the addition of a suitable base, such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
    • Plants need soil to be at a specific pH to grow well.

    Acids Reaction

    • Acid + Alkali/Insoluble Metal Hydroxide/Metal Oxide = Salt + Water
    • Acid + Metal Carbonate/Hydrogen Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
    • Salts ending in '-ic' with Na+, K+, NH4+ are all soluble.
    • Salts with Ag+ and Pb2+ are insoluble.

    Digestive System

    • Peristalsis: a series of wave-like muscle contractions and relaxations that move food through the digestive tract.
    • Alimentary canal: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum.

    Enzymes

    • Salivary amylase: breaks down starch into maltose, optimum pH 7.
    • Pepsin: breaks down protein into polypeptides, optimum pH 2.
    • Pancreatic amylase: breaks down starch into maltose, optimum pH 7.
    • Trypsin: breaks down protein into polypeptides, optimum pH 7.
    • Lipase: breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol, optimum pH 7.
    • Maltase: breaks down maltose into glucose, optimum pH 7.
    • Peptidase: breaks down polypeptides into amino acids, optimum pH 7.
    • Sucrase: breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose, optimum pH 7.

    Homeostasis

    • Homeostasis: any self-regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival.
    • Three components: receptor, control center, and effector.
    • Control center: central nervous system.
    • Effectors: sweating, vasodilation (blood vessels widening towards the skin surface to release heat) to regulate temperature.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, including strong and weak acids, proton donors and acceptors, and pH levels.

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