General Organic Chemistry
35 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following reagents is not commonly used in Lassaigne's test for nitrogen detection?

  • Sodium
  • Fusion with metallic sodium
  • Potassium (correct)
  • KOH

    • What is the principle behind the detection of sulphur in an organic compound using sodium fusion?

  • Formation of sodium carbonate
  • Formation of sodium sulphate
  • Formation of sodium sulphide (correct)
  • Formation of sodium nitrate

    • What is the reagent used to detect the presence of water in a compound during sodium fusion?

  • Sodium nitrate
  • Lime water
  • Anhydrous copper sulphate (correct)
  • Copper(II) oxide

    • What is the purpose of sodium fusion in qualitative analysis of an organic compound?

    <p>To detect the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, and halogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a step in Lassaigne's test for nitrogen detection?

    <p>Heating the compound with copper(II) oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when an organic compound containing nitrogen is fused with sodium?

    <p>Sodium amide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when phosphorus in an organic compound is oxidised?

    <p>H3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of treating the phosphoric acid with magnesia mixture?

    <p>To form a precipitate of MgNH4PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is not suitable for purifying a mixture of sugar and common salt?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criterion for selecting a solvent in differential extraction?

    <p>The solvent should be immiscible with water and the organic compound should be highly soluble in it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds can be purified using sublimation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product formed when the MgNH4PO4 precipitate is ignited?

    <p>Mg2P2O7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sodium fusion in the detection of elements in an organic compound?

    <p>To convert the covalent form of the elements to their ionic form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the colour of the compound formed when Sodium hexacyanoferrate (II) reacts with Fe3+ ions?

    <p>Prussian blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of boiling the fused mass with distilled water in Lassaigne's test?

    <p>To extract the cyanide, sulphide, and halide of sodium from the fused mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compound formed when CuO reacts with H2O?

    <p>CuO.H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding lead acetate to the Sodium Fusion Extract in the Lead Acetate Test?

    <p>To detect the presence of sulphur in the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compound formed when Ca(OH)2 reacts with CO2?

    <p>CaCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between configurational isomers and conformational isomers?

    <p>Configurational isomers are different compounds, whereas conformational isomers are different spatial arrangements of the same compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a projection formula indicate?

    <p>The spatial arrangement of bonds in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the left and right conformers in the diagram?

    <p>The left conformer is in a stable position, while the right conformer is in an unstable position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a monosubstituted cyclohexane, which conformation is generally more stable?

    <p>The conformation with the substituent at equatorial position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is torsional strain?

    <p>The strain that occurs when bonds are twisted out of their ideal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between conformational isomers and configurational isomers in terms of their energy?

    <p>Conformational isomers have lower energy than configurational isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the difference in energy between the two chair conformations of a monosubstituted cyclohexane?

    <p>1,3-Diaxial interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of strain is responsible for the instability of the axial conformation in a monosubstituted cyclohexane?

    <p>1,3-Diaxial interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the relative stability of conformers of cyclic systems?

    <p>Conformational energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a substituent on the conformational energy of a monosubstituted cyclohexane?

    <p>It depends on the type of substituent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction is responsible for the energy difference between the axial and equatorial conformations of a monosubstituted cyclohexane?

    <p>1,3-Diaxial interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the percentage of enol content and the stability of the alkene in Keto-Enol Tautomerism?

    <p>The percentage of enol content increases with the stability of the alkene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition required for Tautomerism to occur?

    <p>The presence of an alpha-hydrogen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of Tautomerism that involves the movement of a hydrogen atom between two polyvalent atoms?

    <p>Keto-Enol Tautomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the isomers that differ in the arrangement of atoms in a chain?

    <p>Ring-Chain isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of isomerism that involves the movement of a hydrogen atom between two polyvalent atoms in a molecule?

    <p>Tautomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that affects the percentage of enol content in Keto-Enol Tautomerism?

    <p>Polarity of the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acidic Strength

    • The order of acidic strength is: PhSO3H > RSO3H > PhCOOH > RCOOH > OH > H > H2CO3 > HC ≅ HCN > CH3
    • Point to remember: The acidic strength of dicarboxylic acids is COOH(CH2)nCOOH > COO-(CH2)nCOOH
    • Ortho effect: C-OH > C-O-G > Feasibility of reaction: NaX + HY NaY + HX

    Qualitative Analysis of an Organic Compound

    • Identification of the elements present in an organic compound:
      • Carbon and hydrogen: detected by heating the compound with copper(II) oxide
      • Nitrogen: detected by heating the compound with copper(II) oxide and then testing with iron(II) sulphate
      • Sulphur: detected by lead acetate test and sodium nitroprusside test
      • Halogens: detected by sodium fusion extract
      • Phosphorous: detected by heating the compound with copper(II) oxide and then testing with magnesia mixture

    Purification

    • Crystallisation: a saturated hot solution is allowed to cool, and the solute is no longer soluble in the solvent, forming crystals of the pure compound
    • Sublimation: certain organic substances convert directly from solid to vapour state on heating and vice versa on cooling
    • Differential Extraction: the process of separation of an organic compound from its aqueous solution by shaking it with a suitable organic solvent

    Detection of Hydrogen

    • Hydrogen is detected by heating the compound with copper(II) oxide and then testing with anhydrous copper sulphate

    Organometallic Compounds

    • Sodium fusion: extracts elements present in the compound from their covalent form to their ionic form by fusing the organic compound with sodium metal
    • Lassaigne's test: cyanide, sulphide, and halide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion are extracted from the fused mass by boiling it with distilled water

    Detection of Nitrogen

    • Sodium fusion extract is boiled with iron(II) sulphate to form sodium hexacyanoferrate (II)
    • On heating with sulphuric acid, some Fe2+ ions are oxidised to Fe3+ ions, which react with sodium hexacyanoferrate (II) to give Prussian blue colour of ferric ferrocyanide, confirming the presence of nitrogen

    Conformations of Cyclohexane

    • Ring flipping of cyclohexane: ⇌ ⇌ ⇌ ⇌ ⇌
    • Energy profile diagram (3D)
    • Conformations of monosubstituted cyclohexane: two different chair conformations, one with the substituent at axial position and the other with the substituent at equatorial position
    • Conformations of polysubstituted cyclohexane: axial and equatorial positions

    General Organic Chemistry

    • Bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic cleavage
    • Intermediates: carbocation, free radical, and carbanion
    • Electron displacement effect: permanent and temporary effects
    • Inductive effect: characteristics, +I effect, and -I effect
    • Applications of inductive effect: intermediates, acid dissociation constant, and base strength

    Resonance

    • Resonance and resonating structures
    • Resonance hybrid
    • Conjugation: types of conjugation and extended conjugation

    Classification of Isomers

    • Isomers: structural (constitutional) and stereoisomers (space/3D)
    • Configurational isomers: different compounds, e.g., cis and trans isomers
    • Conformational isomers: different spatial arrangements of the same compound
    • Projection formulae: indicates spatial arrangement of bonds

    Tautomerism

    • Diad and triad tautomerism
    • Conditions for tautomerism: enol and keto forms
    • Keto-enol tautomerism: examples and conditions
    • Polarity of solvent affects keto-enol tautomerism

    Degree of Unsaturation

    • Formula: 𝛑 = (2n + 2 - h) / 2
    • Remember: C=C > C≡C > C=O

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    JEE Organic Chemistry Final Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of acidic strength in the periodic table, including the order of acidic strength, dicarboxylic acids, and the Ortho effect. This quiz covers key concepts and reactions in organic chemistry, including the feasibility of reactions with NaHCO3.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser