Acidic Solutions Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is an acidic solution?

A solution with a neutral pH of 7

A solution with a pH exactly equal to 0

A solution with a pH greater than 7

A solution with a pH less than 7 (correct)

What is a basic solution?

A solution with a pH greater than 7 (correct)

A solution with a pH equal to 7

A solution with a pH less than 7

A solution that is neutral

What does the Arrhenius model state about acids?

An acid is a substance that contains H and ionizes to produce H ions in aqueous solutions.

What is the Bronsted-Lowry model of acids and bases?

An acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor. Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion?

Conjugate acid. Signup and view all the answers

What remains when an acid donates a hydrogen ion?

Conjugate base. Signup and view all the answers

What does a conjugate acid-base pair consist of?

Two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion. Signup and view all the answers

What does amphoteric mean?

Having characteristics of both an acid and a base. Signup and view all the answers

What is a strong acid?

An acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is a weak acid?

An acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid ionization constant?

The value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is a strong base?

A base that dissociates completely into ions in solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is a weak base?

A base that does not dissociate completely into ions in solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the base ionization constant?

The value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base. Signup and view all the answers

What is a neutralization reaction?

The reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt. Signup and view all the answers

What is the taste experience of salt?

Salt. Signup and view all the answers

What is titration?

The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalence point in a titration?

The point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts. Signup and view all the answers

What is an acid-base indicator?

A chemical dye whose color is affected by acidic and basic solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the end point in a titration?

A place where something ends or is complete. Signup and view all the answers

What is salt hydrolysis?

Cations or anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions from or donate hydrogen ions to water. Signup and view all the answers

What is a buffer?

An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH. Signup and view all the answers

What is buffer capacity?

The amount of acid or base a buffer solution can absorb without a significant change in pH. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acidic and Basic Solutions

Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7, indicating higher hydrogen ion concentration.
Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7, indicating lower hydrogen ion concentration.

Acid and Base Models

Arrhenius model defines an acid as a substance that releases H⁺ ions in water.
Bronsted-Lowry model describes acids as hydrogen-ion donors and bases as hydrogen-ion acceptors.

Conjugate Concepts

A conjugate acid forms when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
A conjugate base results from an acid donating a hydrogen ion.
Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two substances that differ by one hydrogen ion.

Amphoteric Substances

Amphoteric compounds can act as both acids and bases, showing dual characteristics.

Acid and Base Strength

Strong acids completely ionize in aqueous solutions, enhancing their reactivity.
Weak acids only partially ionize, making them less reactive.
Strong bases fully dissociate into ions, while weak bases do not fully dissociate.

Constants and Reactions

The acid ionization constant quantifies the equilibrium of weak acid ionization.
The base ionization constant measures the ionization of weak bases.
Neutralization reactions produce water and salt from acids and bases.

Titration and Indicators

Titration determines the concentration of a solution by adding a known solution.
The equivalence point is reached when solutions in titration are in equivalent amounts.
Acid-base indicators change color in response to pH changes.

Additional Concepts

The end point in titration signifies completion of the reaction.
Salt hydrolysis involves the reaction of salts in water, affecting hydrogen ion concentration.
Buffers maintain pH stability in solutions, while buffer capacity measures their resistance to pH changes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on acidic and basic solutions with this set of flashcards. Learn key terms like 'acidic solution', 'basic solution', and models such as Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry. Perfect for students looking to understand the fundamental concepts of acids and bases.