Questions and Answers
What is an acidic solution?
What is a basic solution?
What does the Arrhenius model state about acids?
An acid is a substance that contains H and ionizes to produce H ions in aqueous solutions.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry model of acids and bases?
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What is formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion?
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What remains when an acid donates a hydrogen ion?
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What does a conjugate acid-base pair consist of?
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What does amphoteric mean?
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What is a strong acid?
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What is a weak acid?
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What is the acid ionization constant?
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What is a strong base?
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What is a weak base?
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What is the base ionization constant?
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What is a neutralization reaction?
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What is the taste experience of salt?
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What is titration?
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What is the equivalence point in a titration?
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What is an acid-base indicator?
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What is the end point in a titration?
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What is salt hydrolysis?
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What is a buffer?
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What is buffer capacity?
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Study Notes
Acidic and Basic Solutions
- Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7, indicating higher hydrogen ion concentration.
- Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7, indicating lower hydrogen ion concentration.
Acid and Base Models
- Arrhenius model defines an acid as a substance that releases H⁺ ions in water.
- Bronsted-Lowry model describes acids as hydrogen-ion donors and bases as hydrogen-ion acceptors.
Conjugate Concepts
- A conjugate acid forms when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
- A conjugate base results from an acid donating a hydrogen ion.
- Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two substances that differ by one hydrogen ion.
Amphoteric Substances
- Amphoteric compounds can act as both acids and bases, showing dual characteristics.
Acid and Base Strength
- Strong acids completely ionize in aqueous solutions, enhancing their reactivity.
- Weak acids only partially ionize, making them less reactive.
- Strong bases fully dissociate into ions, while weak bases do not fully dissociate.
Constants and Reactions
- The acid ionization constant quantifies the equilibrium of weak acid ionization.
- The base ionization constant measures the ionization of weak bases.
- Neutralization reactions produce water and salt from acids and bases.
Titration and Indicators
- Titration determines the concentration of a solution by adding a known solution.
- The equivalence point is reached when solutions in titration are in equivalent amounts.
- Acid-base indicators change color in response to pH changes.
Additional Concepts
- The end point in titration signifies completion of the reaction.
- Salt hydrolysis involves the reaction of salts in water, affecting hydrogen ion concentration.
- Buffers maintain pH stability in solutions, while buffer capacity measures their resistance to pH changes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on acidic and basic solutions with this set of flashcards. Learn key terms like 'acidic solution', 'basic solution', and models such as Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry. Perfect for students looking to understand the fundamental concepts of acids and bases.