Acidic Solutions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is an acidic solution?

  • A solution with a neutral pH of 7
  • A solution with a pH exactly equal to 0
  • A solution with a pH greater than 7
  • A solution with a pH less than 7 (correct)
  • What is a basic solution?

  • A solution with a pH greater than 7 (correct)
  • A solution with a pH equal to 7
  • A solution with a pH less than 7
  • A solution that is neutral
  • What does the Arrhenius model state about acids?

    An acid is a substance that contains H and ionizes to produce H ions in aqueous solutions.

    What is the Bronsted-Lowry model of acids and bases?

    <p>An acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion?

    <p>Conjugate acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains when an acid donates a hydrogen ion?

    <p>Conjugate base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a conjugate acid-base pair consist of?

    <p>Two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does amphoteric mean?

    <p>Having characteristics of both an acid and a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strong acid?

    <p>An acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a weak acid?

    <p>An acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acid ionization constant?

    <p>The value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strong base?

    <p>A base that dissociates completely into ions in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a weak base?

    <p>A base that does not dissociate completely into ions in solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base ionization constant?

    <p>The value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neutralization reaction?

    <p>The reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taste experience of salt?

    <p>Salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is titration?

    <p>The process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalence point in a titration?

    <p>The point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acid-base indicator?

    <p>A chemical dye whose color is affected by acidic and basic solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end point in a titration?

    <p>A place where something ends or is complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is salt hydrolysis?

    <p>Cations or anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions from or donate hydrogen ions to water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a buffer?

    <p>An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is buffer capacity?

    <p>The amount of acid or base a buffer solution can absorb without a significant change in pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acidic and Basic Solutions

    • Acidic solutions have a pH less than 7, indicating higher hydrogen ion concentration.
    • Basic solutions have a pH greater than 7, indicating lower hydrogen ion concentration.

    Acid and Base Models

    • Arrhenius model defines an acid as a substance that releases H⁺ ions in water.
    • Bronsted-Lowry model describes acids as hydrogen-ion donors and bases as hydrogen-ion acceptors.

    Conjugate Concepts

    • A conjugate acid forms when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
    • A conjugate base results from an acid donating a hydrogen ion.
    • Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two substances that differ by one hydrogen ion.

    Amphoteric Substances

    • Amphoteric compounds can act as both acids and bases, showing dual characteristics.

    Acid and Base Strength

    • Strong acids completely ionize in aqueous solutions, enhancing their reactivity.
    • Weak acids only partially ionize, making them less reactive.
    • Strong bases fully dissociate into ions, while weak bases do not fully dissociate.

    Constants and Reactions

    • The acid ionization constant quantifies the equilibrium of weak acid ionization.
    • The base ionization constant measures the ionization of weak bases.
    • Neutralization reactions produce water and salt from acids and bases.

    Titration and Indicators

    • Titration determines the concentration of a solution by adding a known solution.
    • The equivalence point is reached when solutions in titration are in equivalent amounts.
    • Acid-base indicators change color in response to pH changes.

    Additional Concepts

    • The end point in titration signifies completion of the reaction.
    • Salt hydrolysis involves the reaction of salts in water, affecting hydrogen ion concentration.
    • Buffers maintain pH stability in solutions, while buffer capacity measures their resistance to pH changes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on acidic and basic solutions with this set of flashcards. Learn key terms like 'acidic solution', 'basic solution', and models such as Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry. Perfect for students looking to understand the fundamental concepts of acids and bases.

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