30 Questions
Which bacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
What is the primary textbook reference for the topic of Mycobacterium and Related Acid-Fast Bacteria?
Murray et al. Medical Microbiology, 8th ed. Chapter 22
Who is the contact person for the lecture on Mycobacterium and Related Acid-Fast Bacteria?
Marc Benson, Ph.D.
What is the prohibited use of copyrighted materials by students, faculty, and staff at BCOM?
Duplication, distribution, or use without permission
What may individuals be responsible for if found liable for civil and/or criminal copyright infringement?
Monetary damages suffered by the College
What is the primary focus of the lecture on December 4th, 2023, from 8 - 9 AM?
Respiratory System I
Which mycobacterium is the cause of tuberculosis?
M. tuberculosis
What staining technique is used for diagnosing M. tuberculosis?
Acid-fast staining
How does M. tuberculosis infect humans?
Through inhalation of aerosolized droplets
What is a significant global health concern with high infection and death rates?
M. tuberculosis
Which mycobacterium is associated with leprosy?
M. leprae
What is the estimated percentage of the world population infected with M. tuberculosis?
25%
Which immune response is essential for M. tuberculosis elimination and granuloma formation?
Th1 cell response with IFN-$ ext{γ}$ and IL-12
What is the role of TNF-$ ext{α}$ in M. tuberculosis infection?
Involved in M. tuberculosis elimination and granuloma maintenance
What is the consequence of impaired antigen presentation in M. tuberculosis infection?
Immune evasion by M. tuberculosis
How do CD8+ T cells limit M. tuberculosis reactivation?
Perforin/granzyme-mediated and Fas/FalL-mediated cell killing
Which laboratory diagnostics are used for M. tuberculosis?
Acid-fast staining and nucleic acid tests
What is the role of sputum sample decontamination in M. tuberculosis culture?
To remove contaminants that may interfere with bacterial growth
What is the most effective method for diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Acid-fast stains and nucleic acid tests
What is the primary method for diagnosing Mycobacterium leprae?
Acid-fast stain of skin tissue specimens
What is the doubling time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
24 hours
What is the doubling time of Mycobacterium leprae?
14 days
What is the method used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Tuberculin/PPD/Mantoux test
What is the method used to detect Mycobacterium leprae infection?
Acid-fast stains and nucleic acid tests
Which bacterium is an obligate intracellular rod that causes leprosy and has a slow growth rate?
Mycobacterium leprae
Which bacterium is the causative agent of leprosy and infects Schwann cells?
Mycobacterium leprae
Which bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen causing pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals?
Mycobacterium avium
Which bacterium causes bronchopulmonary disease, cutaneous infections, and brain abscesses?
Nocardia spp.
Which bacterium forms biofilms, is resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants, and is transmitted through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact?
Mycobacterium avium
Which bacterium survives immune response by producing catalase and superoxide dismutase?
Nocardia spp.
Study Notes
Mycobacterium and Related Acid-Fast Bacteria
- Lepromatous leprosy is characterized by multiple lesions and nodules, leading to disfiguring and ulcerating skin lesions known as leonine facies
- Mycobacterium leprae is an aerobic, acid-fast, obligate intracellular rod that causes leprosy and has a slow growth rate
- The bacterium is the causative agent of leprosy and infects Schwann cells, with 90% of cases occurring in Brazil, Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Nepal
- Laboratory diagnostics for leprosy rely on acid-fast stains, with few bacteria in tuberculoid leprosy and many bacteria in lepromatous leprosy
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) includes M. avium and M. intracellulare, and is an opportunistic pathogen causing pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals
- MAC forms biofilms, is resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants, and is transmitted through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact
- Nocardia spp. are gram-positive rods found in soil, decaying matter, and water, and are exogenously acquired through inhalation, traumatic introduction, or ingestion
- Nocardia spp. survive immune response by producing catalase and superoxide dismutase, and cause bronchopulmonary disease, cutaneous infections, and brain abscesses
- Laboratory diagnostics for Nocardia spp. involve slower growth on most media, growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract, and the presence of branched filaments and weakly positive acid-fast stains
- Nocardia spp. cause bronchopulmonary disease, cutaneous infections, and brain abscesses, with slower growth on most media and the presence of branched filaments and weakly positive acid-fast stains
- Nocardia spp. cause bronchopulmonary disease, cutaneous infections, and brain abscesses, with slower growth on most media and the presence of branched filaments and weakly positive acid-fast stains
- Nocardia spp. cause bronchopulmonary disease, cutaneous infections, and brain abscesses, with slower growth on most media and the presence of branched filaments and weakly positive acid-fast stains
Test your knowledge of Mycobacterium and related acid-fast bacteria with this quiz. Explore key characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnostics of Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Nocardia spp. Brush up on your understanding of leprosy, opportunistic infections, and the unique features of acid-fast bacteria.
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