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Acid-Base Titration

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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a base?

neutralization

What two products are typically formed in a neutralization reaction?

salt and water

What is the purpose of a titration in chemistry?

to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution

In a titration, what is the name of the solution of known concentration that is used?

standard solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the solution inside the burette during a titration?

titrant Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific term for the point in titration where neutralization is complete?

equivalence point Signup and view all the answers

What does an indicator do in a titration?

change color at the endpoint Signup and view all the answers

According to Table 2, what color does phenolphthalein turn in a basic solution?

red Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point in a titration when the reaction between two chemicals is judged to be complete?

Equivalent Point Signup and view all the answers

What observable change indicates the 'endpoint' of a titration?

Color change of the indicator Signup and view all the answers

How many trials are recommended during a titration to improve the reliability of the results?

At least 3 Signup and view all the answers

What type of environmental analysis is titration used for?

Analyzing acids in the environment Signup and view all the answers

In the provided practice problem 1, what is the average volume of NaOH(aq) added during the titration of HCl(aq)?

$13.05$ mL Signup and view all the answers

In practice problem 1, what is the final burette reading for the second trial?

$26.95$ mL Signup and view all the answers

Why should the reaction with the titrant be stopped at the endpoint?

To avoid adding excess titrant. Signup and view all the answers

In addition to environmental analysis, name one other application of titration.

Quality control in industrial or commercial operations or scientific research Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Titration

A neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base.
The general equation for a neutralization reaction is: acid + base → salt + water.
Example: HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → HOH(l) + KCl(aq)

Titration

Titration is a common method of quantitative chemical analysis.
It's used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution.

Titration Terminology

Burette: A device used for dispensing specific amounts of a chemical solution.
Standard Solution: A solution with a known concentration.
Titrant: The solution in the burette during a titration.
Equivalence Point: The point during titration when neutralization is complete.
Endpoint: The point during titration where a sharp change in solution color occurs.
Indicator: A substance that changes color at the endpoint to show when the reaction between two chemicals is complete.

Steps for Titrating

A known volume of the sample is transferred into a flask. The concentration of this solution is unknown.
A few drops of indicator are added to the solution in the flask.
The burette is filled with the known concentration solution (standard solution).
The solution in the burette is called the titrant.
An initial burette volume reading is taken.
The titrant is added drop by drop to the sample in the flask.
The titrant is added until the reaction is judged complete or the neutralization is complete, reaching the equivalence point.
The indicator in the flask will change color at this point (endpoint).
At the endpoint, no more titrant is added.
The volume of titrant used (final burette reading) is recorded.
This information is used to calculate the concentration of the solution in the flask.
At least 3 trials are performed during a titration to improve the reliability of the results (i.e., for calculating concentration).

Indicators

Indicators change color depending on whether the solution is acidic or basic, crucial for determining the endpoint in a titration.
Examples include: Litmus, Methyl orange, Bromothymol blue, Phenolphthalein. Litmus changes from red to blue in basic solution; methyl orange from red to yellow. Bromothymol blue changes from yellow to green in a basic solution; phenolphthalein changes from colorless to red.

Practice Problems

Practice problems include calculating the concentration of HCl using titration with NaOH, and calculating the concentration of hydrochloric acid using sodium carbonate. Data tables provide the specific readings needed for these calculations.

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Description

Explore the principles of acid-base titration, including neutralization reactions, key terminology, and step-by-step procedures. Understand how to use a burette and identify the equivalence and endpoint in a titration experiment.