Acid-Base Indicators and Reactions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What remedy would be most effective for someone suffering from acidity after overeating?

  • Vinegar
  • Lemon juice
  • Baking soda solution (correct)
  • Water

    • Which indicator turns red in an acidic solution?

  • Methyl orange
  • Red cabbage juice
  • Turmeric
  • Blue litmus (correct)

    • What color does red litmus paper turn in a basic solution?

  • Blue (correct)
  • Purple
  • Yellow
  • Green

    • What natural substance can be used as an acid-base indicator?

    <p>Turmeric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants is used to extract litmus dye?

    <p>Lichen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a curry stain on cloth when scrubbed with soap?

    <p>It becomes reddish-brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic indicator is mentioned as a means to test acids and bases?

    <p>Phenolphthalein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acids and bases on each other?

    <p>They nullify each other’s effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding sodium hydrogencarbonate solution to the wash-bottle in the fire extinguisher experiment?

    <p>To react with sulfuric acid and generate carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when dilute sulfuric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate are mixed in the fire extinguisher setup?

    <p>Carbon dioxide is released and creates discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural materials can be used to prepare indicators as mentioned in the experiment?

    <p>Red cabbage leaves and colored flower petals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed after putting drops of beetroot extract in test tubes?

    <p>A colour change is noted or none at all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the mouth of the wash-bottle be closed in the fire extinguisher experiment?

    <p>To keep the acid contained and safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all acids and bases generate when reacting with each other?

    <p>Salts and Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that glucose and alcohol solutions do not conduct electricity?

    <p>They lack H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when copper oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Copper(II) chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In general, how can the reaction between a metallic oxide and an acid be summarized?

    <p>Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction demonstrates the properties of a neutralization reaction?

    <p>HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common characteristic do all acids share based on their reactions with metals?

    <p>They produce hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sulfuric acid considered more reactive than hydrochloric acid?

    <p>It can produce more hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of water affect HCl in terms of ion formation?

    <p>HCl separates into ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected product of the following reaction: CaCO3 + HCl?

    <p>CaCl2 + H2O + CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes alkaline solutions when dissolved in water?

    <p>They produce OH– ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the presence of acidic properties in a solution when tested with litmus paper?

    <p>The paper turns red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to hydrogen ions in aqueous solution?

    <p>They combine with water to form hydronium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the nature of non-metallic oxides?

    <p>They display acidic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following solutions is acidic based on a lower pH value?

    <p>pH 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pH level of saliva after eating a meal?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pH level is considered neutral?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is produced in the human stomach that aids digestion?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that tooth decay is beginning to occur?

    <p>pH below 5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance can neutralize excess stomach acid during indigestion?

    <p>Magnesium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When examining plant growth, what pH range is usually optimal for healthy plants?

    <p>6-7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is responsible for the stinging pain from a bee sting?

    <p>Methanoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts is likely to be classified as basic?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that defines acids?

    <p>They have a sour taste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of salt would have a pH less than 7?

    <p>Salt from a strong acid and a weak base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using lime in agriculture?

    <p>To neutralize acidic soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bacteria in the mouth contribute to tooth decay?

    <p>They produce acids from sugar breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an alkali in terms of its solubility?

    <p>An alkali is a base that dissolves in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the concentration of ions during the dilution of an acid?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following solutions is considered neutral on the pH scale?

    <p>pH 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it dangerous to pour water into concentrated acid?

    <p>It generates excessive heat and may cause splashing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion concentration increases as the pH of a solution decreases?

    <p>H3O+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range indicating strong alkalinity?

    <p>11 to 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the addition of an acid have on the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution?

    <p>It decreases hydroxide ion concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would you expect to happen to the temperature when diluting concentrated sulphuric acid with water?

    <p>Temperature will increase because the reaction is exothermic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a substance is acidic when using a universal indicator?

    <p>Red color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs represents a strong acid and a weak acid?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid and nitrous acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a universal indicator?

    <p>To indicate the pH level of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the strength of an alkali determined?

    <p>By the amount of hydroxide ions it produces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the effect of acid rain on aquatic life?

    <p>It decreases the pH of the water, harming aquatic life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of dry litmus paper?

    <p>Because litmus paper needs to be wet to react.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of zinc granules when reacted with dilute sulphuric acid?

    <p>They displace hydrogen from the acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator would show a color change when an acid is present?

    <p>Blue litmus paper turns red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from observing bubbles when passing gas through soap solution?

    <p>The gas is hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dilute vanilla essence is added to HCl solution, what is expected to happen?

    <p>A reaction occurs, changing the odour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sodium bicarbonate react with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Produces carbon dioxide gas and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the characteristic reaction of a metal with an acid?

    <p>Hydrogen gas is released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to phenolphthalein when an acid is added to a basic solution?

    <p>It remains colorless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released during the reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Carbon dioxide gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected observation when zinc is added to sodium hydroxide and warmed?

    <p>Gas is released indicating hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be used as olfactory indicators according to the observations?

    <p>Onion and clove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the reaction of a carbonate with an acid typically produce?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When zinc metal reacts with dilute sulfuric acid, what forms alongside hydrogen gas?

    <p>Zinc sulfate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to a solution of sodium hydroxide upon the addition of carbon dioxide?

    <p>It becomes acidic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by red litmus paper when placed in a basic solution?

    <p>It turns blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that produces sodium hydroxide from sodium chloride?

    <p>Chlor-alkali Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is produced when chlorine reacts with dry slaked lime?

    <p>Bleaching Powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for baking soda?

    <p>NaHCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sodium hydrogencarbonate (baking soda) have when heated?

    <p>Releases carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of washing soda?

    <p>Water softener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to copper sulfate crystals when they are heated?

    <p>They lose their water of crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is NOT derived from sodium chloride?

    <p>Ammonium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective use of bleaching powder?

    <p>For sterilizing drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes sodium hydrogencarbonate's effect when used as an antacid?

    <p>It neutralizes excess acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of obtaining sodium carbonate from sodium bicarbonate?

    <p>Heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies the water in the formula Na2CO3·10H2O?

    <p>It indicates moisture content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the chlor-alkali process, what is produced at the anode?

    <p>Chlorine Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a historical significance of common salt in India?

    <p>It was part of a famous protest march</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Plaster of Paris in medical applications?

    <p>To provide support for fractured bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is calcium sulphate hemihydrate represented chemically?

    <p>CaSO4·0.5H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do acids undergo in solutions to show their acidic nature?

    <p>Formation of H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?

    <p>Salt, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gypsum when heated at 373 K?

    <p>It loses half its water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of a neutral solution?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the acidic nature of a substance in a solution?

    <p>Presence of H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must Plaster of Paris be stored in a moisture-proof container?

    <p>To prevent it from hardening prematurely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a solution that turns red litmus paper blue?

    <p>It is basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon?

    <p>Hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the pH scale?

    <p>All acids have a pH below 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes alcohols from acids despite both containing hydrogen?

    <p>Presence of hydroxyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following solutions would a reaction with crushed egg-shells produce a gas that turns lime-water milky?

    <p>Dilute hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated?

    <p>It decomposes into sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Bases

    • Acids taste sour and bases taste bitter.
    • Acids turn blue litmus red, and bases turn red litmus blue.
    • Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage leaves, and coloured petals of flowers are natural indicators.
    • Synthetic indicators include methyl orange and phenolphthalein.
    • Substances that change odour in acidic or basic media are olfactory indicators (e.g., vanilla, onion, clove).

    Reactions of Acids and Bases

    • Acids with Metals:
      • Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas and a salt.
      • Example: Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (e.g., H2SO4 + Zn → ZnSO4 + H2)
    • Metal Carbonates/Hydrogencarbonates with Acids:
      • These react to produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt.
      • Example: Metal carbonate/hydrogencarbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
    • Acids and Bases with Each Other:
      • The reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralisation.
      • Example: Base + Acid → Salt + Water (e.g., NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O)
    • Metallic Oxides with Acids:
      • Metal oxides react with acids to form salts and water.
      • Example: Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
    • Non-metallic Oxides with Bases:
      • Non-metallic oxides react with bases to form a salt and water.

    Properties of Acids and Bases

    • Acids in Water:
      • Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water. In water, H+ ions combine with water molecules to form hydronium ions (H3O+).
      • Example: HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-
    • Bases in Water:
      • Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
      • Example: NaOH(s) + H2O → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
    • Strong vs Weak:
      • Strong acids/bases ionize fully in water. Weak acids/bases ionize partially.
    • Acids and Bases in Water:
      • Dissolving an acid or base in water is an exothermic process. Concentrated acids and bases should be added slowly to water with constant stirring.

    pH Scale

    • pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
    • pH scale ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).
    • A neutral solution has a pH of 7.
    • Acids have a pH below 7, and bases have a pH above 7.
    • The pH of a solution affects living organisms, and different living things require a specific pH range for survival.

    Salts

    • Salts can be neutral, acidic, or basic, depending on the acid and base that formed them.
    • Some salts contain water of crystallisation (fixed number of water molecules).
    • Plaster of Paris is a hemihydrate of calcium sulphate (CaSO4⋅½H2O).

    Uses of Chemicals

    • Sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder are important chemicals derived from sodium chloride (common salt).
    • Baking soda and washing soda are bases.
    • Baking soda is used in baking and antacids.
    • Washing soda is used in glass making, soap and paper industries and for water softening.
    • Bleaching powder is used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant.

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    Test your knowledge on acid-base indicators, their reactions, and practical applications. This quiz covers various aspects of acidity, natural and synthetic indicators, as well as specific chemical processes related to acids and bases. Perfect for students studying chemistry concepts related to pH and reactions.

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