Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient is admitted with acute respiratory acidosis. Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values would the nurse expect?
A patient is admitted with acute respiratory acidosis. Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values would the nurse expect?
- pH 7.48, PaCO2 37 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L
- pH 7.30, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L (correct)
- pH 7.40, PaCO2 45 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L
- pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 22 mEq/L
A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing metabolic alkalosis. Which condition is most likely the cause?
A nurse is caring for a patient experiencing metabolic alkalosis. Which condition is most likely the cause?
- Prolonged vomiting (correct)
- Acute renal failure
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis?
Which clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis?
- Tingling of fingers and toes (correct)
- Bradycardia
- Kussmaul respirations
- Hypotension
A patient with metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. What is the primary reason for this respiratory pattern?
A patient with metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. What is the primary reason for this respiratory pattern?
Which of the following interventions is the priority for a patient experiencing respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following interventions is the priority for a patient experiencing respiratory acidosis?
A patient with metabolic acidosis may exhibit which of the following signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
A patient with metabolic acidosis may exhibit which of the following signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse is assessing a patient with respiratory acidosis. Which findings are expected? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse is assessing a patient with respiratory acidosis. Which findings are expected? (Select all that apply.)
Which laboratory values are consistent with metabolic alkalosis? (Select all that apply.)
Which laboratory values are consistent with metabolic alkalosis? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is teaching a patient about acid-base balance. Which statements are true? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is teaching a patient about acid-base balance. Which statements are true? (Select all that apply.)
A patient presents with an arterial blood gas (ABG) result of pH 7.32, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 25 mEq/L. What is the most likely cause of this imbalance?
A patient presents with an arterial blood gas (ABG) result of pH 7.32, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3 25 mEq/L. What is the most likely cause of this imbalance?
Which patient is at the highest risk for developing metabolic acidosis?
Which patient is at the highest risk for developing metabolic acidosis?
A nurse reviews a patient's ABG values: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. What condition is present?
A nurse reviews a patient's ABG values: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. What condition is present?
A patient is experiencing metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?
A patient is experiencing metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?
A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic kidney disease about metabolic acidosis. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?
A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic kidney disease about metabolic acidosis. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?
Which ABG result is indicative of fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
Which ABG result is indicative of fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
A patient is admitted with respiratory alkalosis. What should the nurse do first?
A patient is admitted with respiratory alkalosis. What should the nurse do first?
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with metabolic alkalosis?
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following is a primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following is a primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
A nurse notes an ABG result of pH 7.48, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L. What is the likely cause?
A nurse notes an ABG result of pH 7.48, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L. What is the likely cause?
Which patients are at risk for metabolic acidosis? (Select all that apply.)
Which patients are at risk for metabolic acidosis? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which symptoms may be present? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which symptoms may be present? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is caring for a patient in metabolic acidosis. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is caring for a patient in metabolic acidosis. Which interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
A patient with metabolic alkalosis may experience which clinical manifestations? (Select all that apply.)
A patient with metabolic alkalosis may experience which clinical manifestations? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is analyzing ABG results. Which findings indicate respiratory acidosis? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is analyzing ABG results. Which findings indicate respiratory acidosis? (Select all that apply.)
Flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis ABG
Respiratory Acidosis ABG
Low pH, high PaCO2
Metabolic Alkalosis ABG
Metabolic Alkalosis ABG
High pH, high HCO3
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptom
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptom
Tingling, numbness due to decreased calcium from hyperventilation.
Kussmaul Respirations
Kussmaul Respirations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis Priority
Respiratory Acidosis Priority
Signup and view all the flashcards
Kussmaul Respirations in Acidosis
Kussmaul Respirations in Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Findings in Respiratory Acidosis
Findings in Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lab Values of Metabolic Alkalosis
Lab Values of Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lung Compensation
Lung Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cause of Low pH/High PaCO2
Cause of Low pH/High PaCO2
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk for Metabolic Acidosis
Risk for Metabolic Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Uncompensated Resp. Alkalosis
Uncompensated Resp. Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Alkalosis Intervention
Metabolic Alkalosis Intervention
Signup and view all the flashcards
Kidney Disease and Acidosis
Kidney Disease and Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis Action
Respiratory Alkalosis Action
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electrolyte and Metabolic Alkalosis
Electrolyte and Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primary Cause of Respiratory Acidosis
Primary Cause of Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vomiting and Alkalosis
Vomiting and Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk of Metabolic Acidosis
Risk of Metabolic Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Acidosis Interventions
Metabolic Acidosis Interventions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Alkalosis Clinical Manifestations
Metabolic Alkalosis Clinical Manifestations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis Indicators
Respiratory Acidosis Indicators
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Acidosis ABG
Metabolic Acidosis ABG
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Alkalosis ABG
Metabolic Alkalosis ABG
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acid-Base Balance
Acid-Base Balance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Buffers
Buffers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Buffer Ratio
Buffer Ratio
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
-
Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation, leading to CO2 retention, and is indicated by low pH and high PaCO2 levels.
-
Prolonged vomiting leads to excessive loss of hydrochloric acid, increasing bicarbonate and pH, resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
-
Respiratory alkalosis is commonly associated with tingling and numbness in the fingers and toes, caused by hypocalcemia due to hyperventilation.
-
Kussmaul respirations are the body's attempt to decrease CO2 levels to increase pH and compensate for metabolic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis.
-
The priority intervention for respiratory acidosis is assisting with mechanical ventilation to remove excess CO2, addressing the hypoventilation issue.
-
Metabolic acidosis can manifest as Kussmaul respirations, confusion, hypotension, and gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting.
-
Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by hyperventilation due to anxiety, aspirin toxicity, pulmonary embolism, and excessive mechanical ventilation.
-
Findings expected in respiratory acidosis include shallow, slow respirations, hyperkalemia, increased CO2 retention, and confusion.
-
Metabolic alkalosis presents with an elevated pH and increased bicarbonate, with PaCO2 possibly elevated as the lungs compensate.
-
The lungs regulate CO2 levels and compensate quickly, while the kidneys regulate bicarbonate and compensate more slowly in acid-base balance.
-
A low pH and elevated PaCO2 indicate respiratory acidosis, potentially caused by hypoventilation from pneumonia, COPD, or drug overdose.
-
Severe diarrhea results in excessive bicarbonate loss, which could lead to metabolic acidosis.
-
High pH and low PaCO2 readings indicate respiratory alkalosis.
-
Nasogastric suctioning can cause excessive acid loss, contributing to metabolic alkalosis; discontinuing it can help correct this imbalance.
-
In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys' failure to excrete hydrogen ions leads to metabolic acidosis.
-
Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is indicated by pH within the normal range (7.35-7.45), along with high PaCO2 and elevated HCO3.
-
Breathing into a paper bag helps retain CO2, correcting respiratory alkalosis caused by hyperventilation.
-
Metabolic alkalosis often leads to hypokalemia because potassium shifts into cells in exchange for hydrogen ions.
-
Airway obstruction leads to CO2 retention, causing respiratory acidosis.
-
Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid, resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
-
Patients at risk for metabolic acidosis include those with kidney failure, salicylate overdose, and severe diarrhea, kidney failure leads to acid retention, salicylate overdose causes acidosis, and severe diarrhea leads to bicarbonate loss. Vomiting and hyperventilation contribute to alkalosis.
-
Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis may include hyperventilation, lightheadedness, muscle cramps, and numbness/tingling in extremities.
-
Appropriate interventions for metabolic acidosis include monitoring ABG levels, administering IV bicarbonate, administering insulin for diabetic ketoacidosis, and monitoring serum potassium levels.
-
Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis include neuromuscular excitability (tetany, irritability) and hypoventilation as compensation.
-
Findings that indicate respiratory acidosis include low pH and elevated PaCO2.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Summary of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis from hypoventilation, metabolic alkalosis from vomiting, and respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation. Kussmaul respirations indicate metabolic acidosis. Focus on interventions and symptoms.
