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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of acid-base balance in the body?
What is the main purpose of acid-base balance in the body?
- To manage fluid levels
- To control blood pressure
- To regulate body temperature
- To maintain proper cellular function (correct)
Which substance is primarily responsible for neutralizing excess acids in the body?
Which substance is primarily responsible for neutralizing excess acids in the body?
- Bicarbonate (correct)
- Sodium chloride
- Hydrochloric acid
- Carbon dioxide
Which of the following conditions can disrupt the acid-base balance?
Which of the following conditions can disrupt the acid-base balance?
- High carbohydrate intake
- Adequate protein consumption
- Dehydration (correct)
- Excessive hydration
What is the primary mechanism the kidneys use to maintain acid-base balance?
What is the primary mechanism the kidneys use to maintain acid-base balance?
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Which blood pH range is typically considered normal for human physiology?
Which blood pH range is typically considered normal for human physiology?
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Balance Purpose
- Maintains optimal pH levels in the body for proper enzymatic and metabolic functions.
- Essential for physiological processes, including respiration and digestion.
Neutralizing Excess Acids
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is the primary buffer that neutralizes excess acids.
- It helps maintain pH by reacting with hydrogen ions (H+) to form carbonic acid.
Conditions Disrupting Acid-Base Balance
- Respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect carbon dioxide levels.
- Metabolic conditions, including diabetes or renal diseases, can alter bicarbonate and acid production.
- Imbalances due to overproduction of acids (lactic acidosis) or loss of bicarbonates (diarrhea).
Kidney Mechanism for Acid-Base Balance
- Kidneys regulate acid-base balance primarily through reabsorption and secretion of bicarbonate.
- They also excrete hydrogen ions to maintain pH levels, ensuring homeostasis.
Normal Blood pH Range
- The typical normal blood pH range is between 7.35 and 7.45.
- Deviations from this range can indicate acidosis (below 7.35) or alkalosis (above 7.45).
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