Acid-Base and Salts Quiz

pH of Hydrochloric Acid Solution

• The pH of a 0.001 M hydrochloric acid solution is 3.
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water.
• The concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) in a 0.001 M HCl solution is also 0.001 M.
• The pH is calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H+].

Neutral Salt Formation

• Salts formed from the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base dissolve in water to form neutral solutions.
• For example, the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
• NaCl is a neutral salt.

Salt Formation During Strong Acid-Strong Base Reaction

• Neutral salts are formed when a strong acid reacts with a strong base.
• Neutral salts do not affect the pH of the solution.

Refraction of Light

• When light enters a denser medium, its speed decreases.
• The change in speed causes the light to bend, a phenomenon known as refraction.

Reflection of Light

• The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
• This means if a light ray strikes a surface at an angle of 30 degrees, it will be reflected at an angle of 30 degrees.

Property of Light Responsible for Refraction

• The change in speed of light as it passes from one medium to another is the reason for refraction.

Light Wave Interaction with Surface

• The phenomenon of light bouncing off a surface is called reflection.

Change in Direction of Light Waves

• Refraction is the change in direction of light waves when they pass from one medium to another at an angle. This bending occurs because the speed of light changes as it moves from one medium to another.

Property of Light Responsible for Bending

• The property of light that causes it to bend when passing through different mediums is its wavelength.
• Different mediums have different refractive indices, which determine how much the light's wavelength is affected, and hence how much it bends.