Reaction of Metals Quiz

Acid and Metal Reactions

• When an acid reacts with a metal, a salt and hydrogen gas are produced.
• The general equation for this reaction is: acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
• The salt produced depends on the specific acid and metal used.
• The salt’s name will begin with the metal’s name, followed by an ending that reflects the acid used.
• This reaction is an example of a chemical reaction between a metal and another substance.

Identifying Salt Endings

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): The salt ending will be chloride (e.g., sodium chloride).
• Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): The salt ending will be sulfate (e.g., calcium sulfate).
• Nitric Acid (HNO₃): The salt ending will be nitrate (e.g., potassium nitrate).

Observing the Reaction

• During the reaction, hydrogen gas is released, which can be observed as fizzing or bubbles.
• The reaction's vigor depends on the metal's reactivity:
  • More reactive metals produce a faster reaction with more bubbles.
  • Metals like copper, silver, and gold do not react with dilute acids.

Reactivity Series

• Metals can be ordered by their reactivity from most to least reactive: magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, etc.
• This order can be determined through experiments by observing the rate of reaction with acids.

Testing for Hydrogen Gas

• Hydrogen gas can be collected by inverting a boiling tube over the reaction vessel.
• A lit splint will produce a squeaky pop when inserted into the collected gas, confirming the presence of hydrogen.

Atoms and Elements

• All materials on Earth are composed of atoms.
• There are around 100 different types of atoms, known as elements.
• Elements are organized in a table called the Periodic Table.
• The Periodic Table groups elements with similar properties together.
• A staggered red line separates metals on the left from nonmetals on the right.

Metals

• Have similar properties, like copper, iron, and gold (also calcium).
• Generally shiny, sonorous, malleable, ductile, dense, good conductors of heat and electricity.

Nonmetals

• Have similar properties, like oxygen and chlorine.
• Many are gases at room temperature, like oxygen.
• Some are solid at room temperature, such as carbon.
• Generally dull, not sonorous, brittle, low density, poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Metalloids

• Elements located near the dividing line between metals and nonmetals.
• Have properties that are in between metals and nonmetals.
• Some properties resemble metals, while others resemble nonmetals.

Chemical Reactions (New Section)

• Metals and nonmetals can react together in chemical reactions.
• For example, sodium (metal) can react with chlorine (nonmetal) to form sodium chloride (salt).
• Nonmetals can also react with each other, such as sulfur (nonmetal) reacting with oxygen (nonmetal) to form sulfur dioxide.

Metal Extraction

• Metals are not found in large lumps in nature, they are locked in rocks called ores.
• To access these metals, we need to extract them from their ores.
• Extracting metals requires digging up rocks, which has environmental impacts such as habitat loss and machinery contributing to global warming.
• Recycling is crucial to minimize the environmental impact of metal production.
• Ores contain metals bonded to other elements, forming compounds.
• Displacement reactions are used to extract metals from their compounds.
• Carbon is a non-metal that is used as a reactant in displacement reactions.
• Carbon is reactive and can displace metals less reactive than itself.
• When heated with iron oxide, carbon reacts to form iron and carbon dioxide.
• This reaction allows us to extract pure iron, used in various applications like tools and bridges.
• Displacement reactions with carbon are suitable for extracting less reactive metals like zinc, iron, lead, copper, and silver.
• Copper is a valuable metal used extensively in pipes and wiring.
• Recycling copper is essential due to the depletion of high-quality copper ores.
• Gold is unreactive and does not form compounds in rocks.
• It is found in its native form and can be extracted through methods like sieving.