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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of an acid according to the Arrhenius definition?
What is the purpose of baking soda in cooking?
What is the definition of a base?
What is the Bronsted-Lowry theory definition of an acid?
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What is the pH of a substance that has a high concentration of hydrogen ions?
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What is the function of bases in oral care products?
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What is citric acid an example of?
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What is the pH scale range?
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What is the pH range of a strong acid or base?
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What happens to the pH of a weak acid when the temperature increases?
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What is the purpose of litmus paper?
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What is the characteristic of an acid?
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What happens when blue litmus paper is introduced to an acid?
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What is the general pH range of saliva?
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What is the role of bicarbonate ions in saliva?
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What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a base?
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Study Notes
Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Acids and bases are present naturally in nature, such as citric acid in fruits and hydrochloric acid in gastric juices.
- Many acids are used in daily life, such as vinegar and boric acid.
Definitions
- Acids (Arrhenius definition) are substances that form hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
- Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), which forms H+ when dissolved in water.
Types of Acids
- Natural Acids: obtained from natural sources, such as fruits and animal products (e.g., lactic and citric acids).
- Mineral Acids: prepared from minerals (e.g., hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3)).
Base and Alkali
- A base is a substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
- Examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which forms OH- when dissolved in water.
- Bases are found in oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwashes, and help neutralize acids in the mouth.
The Bronsted-Lowry Theory
- Defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor.
Measuring pH and its Scale
- pH is defined as the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration.
- pH can be measured using a pH meter.
- The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
- pH of an acid is below 7 (acidic), pH of a base is above 7 (alkaline), and pH of 7 is neutral.
- pH of strong acid or base does not depend on temperature.
- pH of weak acid decreases with increase in temperature, while pH of weak base increases with increase in temperature.
Properties of Acids
- pH values are always less than 7.
- Aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes.
- Acids have a sour taste.
- Blue litmus turns red in the presence of an acid.
- Acids are corrosives, reacting with active metals and causing slow-healing burns and tissue damage when concentrated.
- Acids react with active metals to yield hydrogen gas and with carbonates and bicarbonates to yield carbon dioxide gas.
Properties of Bases
- pH values are always greater than 7.
- Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids.
- Aqueous solutions of bases are electrolytes.
- Red litmus turns blue in the presence of a base.
- Bases are alkalis, causing slow-healing burns and tissue damage when concentrated.
Salts
- Salt is produced by the reaction of an acid with a base.
- A salt consists of the positive ion (cation) of a base and the negative ion (anion) of an acid.
Acids and Bases in Oral Health
- Maintaining a healthy balance between acids and bases in the mouth is essential for oral health.
- Saliva is slightly acidic (pH 6.2 to 7.4) and contains bicarbonate ions, which act as a buffering system to maintain pH balance in the mouth.
- Saliva helps neutralize acids produced by bacteria.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of acids, bases, and salts, including their natural occurrences and uses.
