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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of an acid according to the Arrhenius definition?
What is the definition of an acid according to the Arrhenius definition?
What is the purpose of baking soda in cooking?
What is the purpose of baking soda in cooking?
What is the definition of a base?
What is the definition of a base?
What is the Bronsted-Lowry theory definition of an acid?
What is the Bronsted-Lowry theory definition of an acid?
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What is the pH of a substance that has a high concentration of hydrogen ions?
What is the pH of a substance that has a high concentration of hydrogen ions?
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What is the function of bases in oral care products?
What is the function of bases in oral care products?
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What is citric acid an example of?
What is citric acid an example of?
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What is the pH scale range?
What is the pH scale range?
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What is the pH range of a strong acid or base?
What is the pH range of a strong acid or base?
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What happens to the pH of a weak acid when the temperature increases?
What happens to the pH of a weak acid when the temperature increases?
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What is the purpose of litmus paper?
What is the purpose of litmus paper?
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What is the characteristic of an acid?
What is the characteristic of an acid?
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What happens when blue litmus paper is introduced to an acid?
What happens when blue litmus paper is introduced to an acid?
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What is the general pH range of saliva?
What is the general pH range of saliva?
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What is the role of bicarbonate ions in saliva?
What is the role of bicarbonate ions in saliva?
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What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a base?
What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a base?
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Study Notes
Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Acids and bases are present naturally in nature, such as citric acid in fruits and hydrochloric acid in gastric juices.
- Many acids are used in daily life, such as vinegar and boric acid.
Definitions
- Acids (Arrhenius definition) are substances that form hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
- Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), which forms H+ when dissolved in water.
Types of Acids
- Natural Acids: obtained from natural sources, such as fruits and animal products (e.g., lactic and citric acids).
- Mineral Acids: prepared from minerals (e.g., hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3)).
Base and Alkali
- A base is a substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
- Examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which forms OH- when dissolved in water.
- Bases are found in oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwashes, and help neutralize acids in the mouth.
The Bronsted-Lowry Theory
- Defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor.
Measuring pH and its Scale
- pH is defined as the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration.
- pH can be measured using a pH meter.
- The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
- pH of an acid is below 7 (acidic), pH of a base is above 7 (alkaline), and pH of 7 is neutral.
- pH of strong acid or base does not depend on temperature.
- pH of weak acid decreases with increase in temperature, while pH of weak base increases with increase in temperature.
Properties of Acids
- pH values are always less than 7.
- Aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes.
- Acids have a sour taste.
- Blue litmus turns red in the presence of an acid.
- Acids are corrosives, reacting with active metals and causing slow-healing burns and tissue damage when concentrated.
- Acids react with active metals to yield hydrogen gas and with carbonates and bicarbonates to yield carbon dioxide gas.
Properties of Bases
- pH values are always greater than 7.
- Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids.
- Aqueous solutions of bases are electrolytes.
- Red litmus turns blue in the presence of a base.
- Bases are alkalis, causing slow-healing burns and tissue damage when concentrated.
Salts
- Salt is produced by the reaction of an acid with a base.
- A salt consists of the positive ion (cation) of a base and the negative ion (anion) of an acid.
Acids and Bases in Oral Health
- Maintaining a healthy balance between acids and bases in the mouth is essential for oral health.
- Saliva is slightly acidic (pH 6.2 to 7.4) and contains bicarbonate ions, which act as a buffering system to maintain pH balance in the mouth.
- Saliva helps neutralize acids produced by bacteria.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of acids, bases, and salts, including their natural occurrences and uses.
