Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Rest and Digest' response?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'Rest and Digest' response?
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly involved in the sympathetic nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly involved in the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following organs receives ONLY sympathetic innervation?
Which of the following organs receives ONLY sympathetic innervation?
What are the two main types of adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system?
What are the two main types of adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system?
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Which muscle is NOT directly innervated by parasympathetic nerves?
Which muscle is NOT directly innervated by parasympathetic nerves?
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What are the 5 steps involved in cholinergic neurotransmission?
What are the 5 steps involved in cholinergic neurotransmission?
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Which of the following statements about the storage and synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) is correct?
Which of the following statements about the storage and synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) is correct?
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Which of the following correctly describes the release of ACh from the presynaptic neuron?
Which of the following correctly describes the release of ACh from the presynaptic neuron?
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Which of the following correctly identifies the site of action of the drug tubocurarine?
Which of the following correctly identifies the site of action of the drug tubocurarine?
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Which of the following statements about the termination of acetylcholine (ACh) activity is correct?
Which of the following statements about the termination of acetylcholine (ACh) activity is correct?
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Which of the following correctly identifies the site of action of the drug hemicholinium?
Which of the following correctly identifies the site of action of the drug hemicholinium?
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Study Notes
Autonomic Pharmacology
- Study of how drugs interact with the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Synthesis & Metabolism of Acetylcholine (ACh)
- ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
- Synthesized ACh is actively transported into vesicles by vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), an antiporter
- ACh is released from vesicles by exocytosis triggered by Ca2+ entry upon arrival of nerve impulse
- Once released, ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft to bind with cholinergic receptors on postsynaptic membrane (sometimes presynaptic)
Cholinergic Receptors
- Cholinergic receptors are bound by ACh, blocked by atropine (M) or tubocurarine (N)
Termination of ACh
- ACh is terminated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), blocked by neostigmine
- High-affinity choline transporter (HAChT) is blocked by hemicholinium
Sites of Drug Action at Cholinergic Neuron
- ChAT is blocked by naphthylvinylpyridine (NVP)
- VAChT is blocked by vesamicol
- ACh release is blocked by botulinum toxin (involves SNAP and VAMP)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Divided into two divisions: Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
- SNS: "Fight or Flight" response, neurotransmitter is norepinephrine (NA), receptors are α and β adrenoceptors
- PNS: "Rest and Digest" response, neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (ACh), receptors are muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
Thoracolumbar Outflow (Sympathetic)
- Organs receiving only sympathetic innervation:
- Radial muscle of iris
- Muller's muscle
- Heart
- Arrector pili muscles
- Sweat glands
- Bronchiole (gland and smooth muscle)
- Stomach
- Most blood vessels
- Spleen
- Adipose tissue
- Paravertebral ganglia
- Adrenal medulla
- Kidney
- Intestines
- Bladder
- Prevertebral ganglia
- Ejaculation muscle
Craniosacral Outflow (Parasympathetic)
- Organs receiving only parasympathetic innervation:
- Heart
- Bronchiole (smooth muscle and gland)
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Lacrimal gland
- Sphincter (circular) muscle of iris
- Ciliary muscle
- Salivary gland
- Large intestine
- Bladder
- Genitalia
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Description
Test your knowledge on the synthesis and metabolism of acetylcholine in the Autonomic Pharmacology field. This quiz covers topics such as Cholinergic & Acetylcholinesterase, Anticholinergic & NMJ Blocker, and Sympathomimetic drugs. Get ready to challenge yourself with questions related to ANS interactions with drugs.
