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Questions and Answers
What does a balance sheet show?
What does a balance sheet show?
What is double-entry accounting?
What is double-entry accounting?
Which type of asset is cash?
Which type of asset is cash?
What is a liability?
What is a liability?
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Which principle requires recording expenses as soon as they are incurred?
Which principle requires recording expenses as soon as they are incurred?
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What does 'journalizing' mean in accounting?
What does 'journalizing' mean in accounting?
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What is gross profit?
What is gross profit?
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What is accrued revenue?
What is accrued revenue?
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What is capital in accounting?
What is capital in accounting?
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What does a contingent liability represent?
What does a contingent liability represent?
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Which principle requires consistent accounting methods?
Which principle requires consistent accounting methods?
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What is inventory classified as?
What is inventory classified as?
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What happens to inventory when sold?
What happens to inventory when sold?
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What is the primary use of a cash flow statement?
What is the primary use of a cash flow statement?
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What increases shareholders' equity?
What increases shareholders' equity?
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What is an intangible asset?
What is an intangible asset?
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What is the impact of paying off a loan?
What is the impact of paying off a loan?
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What does the debt-to-equity ratio measure?
What does the debt-to-equity ratio measure?
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What is the accrual principle?
What is the accrual principle?
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What is a contingent asset?
What is a contingent asset?
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What is the main use of financial statements?
What is the main use of financial statements?
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What is fair value?
What is fair value?
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What type of expense is rent?
What type of expense is rent?
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What is the purpose of financial statements?
What is the purpose of financial statements?
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Which financial statement shows profitability?
Which financial statement shows profitability?
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What is statistical accounting?
What is statistical accounting?
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How is the present value formed?
How is the present value formed?
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What is the general purpose of memorial-order accounting?
What is the general purpose of memorial-order accounting?
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Which document contains primary data on business activities?
Which document contains primary data on business activities?
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What is the effect of a debit entry in a liability account?
What is the effect of a debit entry in a liability account?
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What does the term 'fair value' refer to?
What does the term 'fair value' refer to?
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Which type of expense does rent fall under?
Which type of expense does rent fall under?
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Which financial ratio assesses a company's ability to meet short-term obligations?
Which financial ratio assesses a company's ability to meet short-term obligations?
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What is the main purpose of depreciation?
What is the main purpose of depreciation?
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What does retained earnings represent?
What does retained earnings represent?
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What does financial reporting provide to external users?
What does financial reporting provide to external users?
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What type of account is 'accounts payable' classified as?
What type of account is 'accounts payable' classified as?
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Study Notes
Balance Sheet
- A balance sheet shows the financial position of a business at a specific point in time.
- It summarizes the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.
- Assets are what the company owns, liabilities what it owes, and equity represents the owners' stake in the company.
Double-Entry Accounting
- A system where every financial transaction is recorded in two accounts.
- Each transaction affects at least two accounts, one with a debit entry and the other with a credit entry, ensuring the accounting equation remains balanced.
Current Asset
- Cash is classified as a current asset as it can be easily converted into cash.
- Current assets are assets that are expected to be converted into cash or used up within one year.
Liability
- A liability represents a company's obligation or debt.
- Examples include loans, accounts payable, and deferred revenue.
Accrual Principle
- The accrual principle requires recording expenses as soon as they are incurred, regardless of whether they've been paid.
- This principle helps ensure that revenues and expenses are matched in the same accounting period, providing a more accurate picture of profitability.
Journalizing
- Journalizing is the process of recording transactions in a journal, a chronological record of financial transactions.
- Each transaction is recorded according to its debit and credit amounts.
Gross Profit
- Gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the revenue generated from selling a product.
- It represents the profit earned before considering operating costs like salaries, rent, and utilities.
Cash Flow Statement
- A cash flow statement tracks the movement of cash in and out of a business over a period of time.
- It categorizes cash flows into operating, investing, and financing activities.
Accrued Revenue
- Accrued revenue represents income earned but not yet received.
- This means the service has been delivered, or the goods have been shipped, but the customer hasn't paid for them.
Contingent Liability
- A contingent liability is a potential obligation, meaning it might become a real liability in the future depending on certain events.
- These are recorded in the notes to the financial statements.
Liquidity
- Liquidity measures how easily an asset can be converted into cash.
- A more liquid asset can be more readily used to pay off obligations.
Fixed Asset
- A fixed asset is used for long-term operations, meaning those operations are not for sale.
- Examples include buildings, equipment, and land.
Working Capital
- Working capital represents a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations.
- It's calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets.
Non-Current Liability
- A non-current liability is a long-term debt due in more than one year.
- Examples include bonds payable, mortgages, and pension obligations.
Revenue Recognition Principle
- Revenue is recognized when it is earned, regardless of whether it has been collected.
- When goods have been delivered or services provided, revenue is recognized, even if payment hasn't been received.
Capital
- In accounting, capital refers to the money invested by owners into the company.
- It represents the owners' initial investment in the business.
Contingent Liability
- This is a potential obligation that may happen depending on certain events.
- It's a possible liability but not confirmed.
- This is recorded in the notes to the financial statements.
Consistency Principle
- The consistency principle requires a company to use the same accounting methods from period to period for consistent reporting.
- This allows for comparisons of financial data over time and helps ensure accuracy of reported financial information.
FIFO (First In, First Out)
- FIFO is a method used for inventory valuation, where the first units of inventory purchased are assumed to be the first ones sold.
- This is a widely accepted method and it is recommended by some accounting bodies, including the NAS (National Association of Securities Dealers)
Inventory
- Inventory is classified as a current asset.
- It includes the raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods that a company holds for sale.
Accounts Receivable
- This account records customer debts, the money owed to a business by its customers for goods or services bought on credit.
Cost Of Goods Sold
- When inventory is sold, it becomes cost of goods sold.
- This is the direct cost associated with producing the goods sold which is recorded as an expense.
Cash Flow Statement
- This statement tracks the cash inflows and outflows, providing a detailed picture of the company’s cash generation and use.
- It allows for analysis of cash flow in different activities: operating, investing, and financing.
Fair Value
- Fair value represents the current market value of an asset, the price at which it could be sold in an open market.
- It is the estimated price that an asset would trade for in an arm's length transaction.
Shareholder's Equity
- A company's equity is increased by several factors:
- Additional capital investment: When owners contribute more money to the company, equity increases.
- Net Income: Profits generated from operations increase equity.
Depreciation
- Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.
- It reflects the asset's wear and tear over time.
Expense Account
- These accounts increase when they are debited.
- Expenses decrease equity as they represent payments made to generate revenue.
Budget
- A budget is a financial plan for a future period.
- It guides the company's financial activities and helps to ensure that its financial resources are used effectively.
Intangible Asset
- Intangible assets are valuable resources without physical substance.
- Examples include patents, trademarks, copyrights, and goodwill.
Ledger
- This is a collection of the accounts organized by type.
- It summarizes all transactions in a specific account.
Fair Value
- This is the current market value of an asset.
- It reflects the price at which the asset could be traded in a competitive market.
Operating Expense
- Rent is generally classified as an operating expense.
- This is an expense incurred in the day-to-day operations of a business.
Financial Statements
- Financial statements summarize a company's financial performance and position over a given period.
- They provide transparent information to stakeholders about the company's financial health.
Income Statement
- The income statement shows a company's profitability over a period, usually a year or quarter.
- It calculates the difference between revenue and expenses, resulting in net income (profit) or net loss.
Statistical Accounting
- This area of accounting involves the systematic collection, analysis, and presentation of economic data.
- These data help in analyzing economic trends and making informed business decisions.
Present Value
- Present value is the current value of a future cash flow, calculated by discounting it using an appropriate interest rate.
- This helps in comparing investments with different cash flow timings.
Memorial-Order Accounting
- This method of accounting is based on the principle of chronological and systematic recording of business transactions.
- It enhances transparency and helps to track all activities through a chronological record.
Journal
- This is the first place where a financial transaction is recorded.
- It acts as the primary source document for all activities.
Economic Processes
- Economic processes include all the activities related to the production and distribution of goods and services within an economy.
- They are the foundation of how we create value and wealth.
Basic Accounting Equation
- Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity.
- This equation represents the fundamental relationship between the financial resources of a company and its claims on those resources.
Chronological Accounting Register
- This type of register records all events chronologically, which is essential for tracking the sequence of events.
- It allows for a clear understanding of the order in which transactions took place.
Accounts
- There are five major types of accounts:
- Assets
- Liabilities
- Equity
- Revenue
- Expense
Debit Entry
- A debit entry in a liability account decreases the account balance.
- This is because liabilities represent obligations, and a debit decreases the amount owed.
Fair Value
- This is the current market value of an asset.
- It is the estimated price that an asset would trade for in an open market.
Operating Expense
- This is an expense incurred in the day-to-day operations of a business.
- Examples include rent, utilities, and salaries.
Current Ratio
- This financial metric measures a company’s ability to meet its short-term liabilities using its current assets.
- A higher current ratio indicates greater liquidity and a stronger ability to meet obligations.
Depreciation
- Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.
- It doesn't reflect the actual loss of value in the market, but rather the allocation of the cost over time.
Retained Earnings
- This represents the portion of profits that are not distributed to shareholders.
- It is accumulated and reinvested in the company for future growth and expansion.
Financial Reporting
- The process of providing financial information to external users, like investors, lenders, and regulators.
- It helps them make informed decisions about investing in or lending to the company.
Audit
- A process of reviewing a company's financial statements to ensure accuracy and adherence to accounting standards.
- They provide assurance to stakeholders that the information is reliable and trustworthy.
Dividend
- A portion of the company's profits distributed to shareholders.
- It is usually paid out in cash, but sometimes in other forms like stock.
Accounts Payable
- This account records money a company owes to its suppliers for goods or services purchased on credit.
- It is a short-term liability.
Balance Sheet
- Summarizes the company’s financial position at a specific point in time, showing the assets, liabilities, and equity.
- It is like a snapshot of the company's finances.
Contingent Asset
- A potential future benefit, meaning it might become a real asset depending on certain events.
- These are not recognized on the financial statements but are disclosed in the notes.
Forecasting
- Predicting future financial performance, such as sales, expenses, and cash flow.
- It helps in planning and decision-making for future activities.
Journal Entry
- This is a record of a specific financial transaction, including the date, accounts affected, and amounts.
- It is the first place where transactions are recorded.
Accounts Payable
- This account records money that the company owes its suppliers for goods or services purchased on credit.
- It is a short-term liability.
Balance Sheet
- Summarizes the financial position of a company at a specific point in time, including its assets, liabilities, and equity.
- It acts as a snapshot of the company's financial position.
Contingent Asset
- A potential future benefit that may or may not materialize.
- It is not recognized on the balance sheet but may be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
Forecasting
- The process of predicting future financial performance, such as sales, expenses, and cash flow.
- It helps in planning and decision-making for future activities.
Journal Entry
- A record of a specific financial transaction, including the date, accounts affected, and amounts.
- It is the first place where transactions are recorded.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential accounting concepts such as balance sheets, double-entry accounting, current assets, liabilities, and the accrual principle. This quiz is perfect for students and professionals looking to reinforce their understanding of these foundational topics in accounting.
