Accounting Principles and Reporting Essentials

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Questions and Answers

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? Personal transactions of the proprietor are distinguished from business transactions.

  • Materiality
  • Going Concern
  • Accrual Accounting
  • Entity Concept (correct)

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? A company is a party to major litigation that it may lose and decides not to include the information in the financial statements because it may have a negative impact on the company's share price.

  • Going Concern
  • Materiality (correct)
  • Accrual Accounting
  • Entity Concept

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? The current fair value of the factory building is RM180,000. The company recorded the factory building at the original cost of RM250,000.

  • Entity Concept
  • Historical Cost (correct)
  • Going Concern
  • Accrual Accounting

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? All payments less than RM10 are expensed as incurred.

<p>Materiality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? If a company decides to not report certain data in its financial statements due to the high cost of preparing financial statements.

<p>Materiality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? The company employs the same inventory valuation method from period to period.

<p>Consistency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? Rent paid in advance is recorded as prepaid rent.

<p>Accrual Accounting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accounting assumption, principle, information characteristics or constraint most applies to this situation? Prepare financial statements at least once a year.

<p>Timeliness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kwason Bhd has a contract for a special event for Semporna Bhd, where 40% of the contract amount has been paid by Semporna Bhd. This is recorded as RM 30,000 in Kwason Bhd's revenue, which accounting principle is violated here?

<p>Revenue Recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kwason Bhd rents a one-storey building to store their corporate event appliances, the next 12 months of rent is covered by the RM18,000 payment. Kwason Bhd recognized the RM18,000 as an expense. Which accounting principle is violated here?

<p>Matching Principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kwason Bhd bought a motor vehicle for RM145,000, after two years of use it decided to change the depreciation method from a straight-line basis to a reducing balance method at the rate of 15%. Which accounting principle is violated here?

<p>Consistency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Entity Assumption

This assumption separates the financial affairs of the business owner from the business entity.

Monetary Unit Principle

This principle dictates recording transactions in monetary units, typically the local currency.

Understandability

This characteristic means that financial information must be understandable for users to make informed decisions.

Accrual Principle

This principle states that transactions should be recognized in the accounting period in which they occur, regardless of when cash is received or paid.

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Relevance

This principle requires that accounting information should be relevant to the decision-making needs of users.

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Reliability

This characteristic of financial information requires it to be free from bias and error.

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Cost Constraint

This constraint requires a trade-off between the benefits of providing information and the costs of doing so.

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Materiality

All expenses less than the designated threshold are recorded in the period they are incurred.

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Comparability

This characteristic means that accounting information should be presented clearly and concisely.

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Consistency Principle

Consistent use of methods over time makes it easier to analyze trends and performance.

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Matching Principle

Prepayments are recognized as assets.

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Historical Cost Principle

This principle suggests that assets and liabilities must be recorded at their original cost.

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Periodicity Assumption

Reporting financial statements periodically (e.g., annually) ensures transparency and accountability.

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Confidentiality

This financial reporting constraint states that information should not be disclosed unless it is likely to be beneficial to the users.

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Transparency

This concept states that financial data should be presented in a way that allows users to understand the financial performance and position of the company.

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Revenue Recognition Principle

Revenues are recognized when earned, regardless of when cash is received.

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Going Concern Assumption

This principle requires that companies provide information about uncertainties that could affect their financial performance.

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Liability

When a contract specifies revenue and an advance payment is received, this money is regarded as a liability.

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Accounting Changes

The company must correct the depreciation method, explaining the reason for the change in the financial statements.

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Unearned Revenue

The company must recognize income as earned per contract terms, not just upon receiving payment.

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Study Notes

Question 1

  • Accounting assumptions, principles, information characteristics, and constraints are crucial for accurate financial reporting.
  • Separate personal from business transactions.
  • Companies may omit certain information if it negatively impacts share price.
  • Fair value of an asset may differ from its original cost.
  • Minor expenses (under a threshold) are immediately expensed.
  • High costs of reporting may lead to omitting data.
  • Consistency in inventory valuation methods is important.
  • Prepaid rent should be separately recorded.
  • Financial statements are required annually.

Question 2

  • (a) Corporate Event Planning:
    • Kwason Bhd received RM30,000 for a contract.
    • 40% (RM12,000) was already paid.
    • Kwason Bhd incorrectly recognized the full RM30,000 as revenue.
  • (b) Building Rental:
    • Kwason Bhd paid RM18,000 for 12 months of rent.
    • Kwason Bhd wrongly expensed the entire payment.
  • (c) Depreciation Method Change:
    • Kwason Bhd changed depreciation method without valid reasons.
    • Incorrect application of depreciation policy.

Required

  • Identify accounting violations by Kwason Bhd.
  • Explain the proper accounting treatment.

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