Podcast
Questions and Answers
Adopting uniform accounting methods from period to period exemplifies which accounting principle?
Adopting uniform accounting methods from period to period exemplifies which accounting principle?
- Consistency principle (correct)
- Conservatism principle
- Materiality concept
- Disclosure principle
A company chooses to report the least optimistic figures in its financial statements when multiple options are available. Which principle are they following?
A company chooses to report the least optimistic figures in its financial statements when multiple options are available. Which principle are they following?
- Consistency principle
- Materiality concept
- Disclosure principle
- Conservatism principle (correct)
What is the primary goal of maintaining effective inventory controls?
What is the primary goal of maintaining effective inventory controls?
- Ensuring proper authorization, tracking, and accounting of inventory purchases and sales. (correct)
- Maximizing the value of damaged inventory.
- Accelerating the recording of inventory when sold.
- Minimizing storage costs.
What is the formula used to determine the Cost Of Goods Sold (COGS)?
What is the formula used to determine the Cost Of Goods Sold (COGS)?
Which of the following inventory costing methods is most appropriate for a business selling custom-made jewelry?
Which of the following inventory costing methods is most appropriate for a business selling custom-made jewelry?
Which costing method is based on the assumption that the first units purchased are the first to be sold?
Which costing method is based on the assumption that the first units purchased are the first to be sold?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory costing method?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory costing method?
Under the weighted-average method, how is the cost per unit determined after each purchase?
Under the weighted-average method, how is the cost per unit determined after each purchase?
In a period of rising costs, which inventory costing method generally results in the highest cost of goods sold?
In a period of rising costs, which inventory costing method generally results in the highest cost of goods sold?
Which inventory costing method typically results in the highest ending inventory value during a period of rising costs?
Which inventory costing method typically results in the highest ending inventory value during a period of rising costs?
When costs are declining, which inventory method typically results in a higher net income?
When costs are declining, which inventory method typically results in a higher net income?
How does the application of the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule affect the financial statements?
How does the application of the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule affect the financial statements?
Under the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule, if the market value of inventory falls below its historical cost, how is this accounted for?
Under the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule, if the market value of inventory falls below its historical cost, how is this accounted for?
What does the inventory turnover ratio measure?
What does the inventory turnover ratio measure?
What does a high inventory turnover ratio generally indicate?
What does a high inventory turnover ratio generally indicate?
What does 'days' sales in inventory' measure?
What does 'days' sales in inventory' measure?
A company consistently uses the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) method for inventory valuation. Which accounting principle is being followed?
A company consistently uses the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) method for inventory valuation. Which accounting principle is being followed?
Which of the following best describes a company adhering to the disclosure principle regarding its inventory?
Which of the following best describes a company adhering to the disclosure principle regarding its inventory?
What action exemplifies a company's adherence to the materiality concept in inventory management?
What action exemplifies a company's adherence to the materiality concept in inventory management?
A company discovers that some of its inventory is damaged. According to good inventory controls, what is the appropriate action?
A company discovers that some of its inventory is damaged. According to good inventory controls, what is the appropriate action?
The costs are different for different groups of inventory, which inventory costing method must be used?
The costs are different for different groups of inventory, which inventory costing method must be used?
Under which of the following scenarios would the weighted-average method be most suitable?
Under which of the following scenarios would the weighted-average method be most suitable?
In a period of declining costs, which inventory valuation method would typically result in the lowest cost of goods sold?
In a period of declining costs, which inventory valuation method would typically result in the lowest cost of goods sold?
What is the primary difference in the definition of 'market value' under IFRS compared to other accounting standards when applying the lower-of-cost-or-market rule?
What is the primary difference in the definition of 'market value' under IFRS compared to other accounting standards when applying the lower-of-cost-or-market rule?
A retailer's inventory turnover ratio has significantly decreased from the previous year. What might this indicate?
A retailer's inventory turnover ratio has significantly decreased from the previous year. What might this indicate?
A company recorded damaged inventory properly. Which of the following is the company following?
A company recorded damaged inventory properly. Which of the following is the company following?
Which type of inventory does NOT require a specific identification method?
Which type of inventory does NOT require a specific identification method?
If the first unit was purchased for $10 and the second unit was purchased for $12, what is the weighted-average? (Round to the nearest cent)
If the first unit was purchased for $10 and the second unit was purchased for $12, what is the weighted-average? (Round to the nearest cent)
Which option is NOT a consideration with financial statements?
Which option is NOT a consideration with financial statements?
A company wants to journalize the October 16 purchase of merchandise inventory on account. Which costing method should they use given no other data?
A company wants to journalize the October 16 purchase of merchandise inventory on account. Which costing method should they use given no other data?
When should the company journalize the October 31 sale of merchandise inventory on account.
When should the company journalize the October 31 sale of merchandise inventory on account.
A company is using perpetual inventory method. The Cost of Goods Sold is $3,766. The ending inventory is $1,507. Which costing method is most likely?
A company is using perpetual inventory method. The Cost of Goods Sold is $3,766. The ending inventory is $1,507. Which costing method is most likely?
Accounts Payable increased by $1,440, which type of journal entry is this?
Accounts Payable increased by $1,440, which type of journal entry is this?
Costs of Goods Sold (COGS) is lower under FIFO than under LIFO when which circumstances are present?
Costs of Goods Sold (COGS) is lower under FIFO than under LIFO when which circumstances are present?
FIFO inventory will be the highest, and LIFO inventory will be the lowest when
FIFO inventory will be the highest, and LIFO inventory will be the lowest when
Which action does NOT require a journal entry?
Which action does NOT require a journal entry?
Inventory turnover is equal to which of the following?
Inventory turnover is equal to which of the following?
A high inventory rate indicates
A high inventory rate indicates
Days' sales in inventory is equal to
Days' sales in inventory is equal to
For inventory with an expiration date, what must a company do?
For inventory with an expiration date, what must a company do?
Why would Crystal Phones have trouble selling its products?
Why would Crystal Phones have trouble selling its products?
What underlying assumption is made when using the FIFO inventory costing method?
What underlying assumption is made when using the FIFO inventory costing method?
Which accounting principle emphasizes reporting sufficient details for external parties to make informed decisions about a company?
Which accounting principle emphasizes reporting sufficient details for external parties to make informed decisions about a company?
Why is it important to perform physical counts of inventory on a regular basis?
Why is it important to perform physical counts of inventory on a regular basis?
How does applying the conservatism principle affect inventory accounting?
How does applying the conservatism principle affect inventory accounting?
What is the distinctive feature of the specific identification method?
What is the distinctive feature of the specific identification method?
When might specific identification be the most appropriate inventory costing method?
When might specific identification be the most appropriate inventory costing method?
How is the weighted-average cost per unit typically calculated in a perpetual inventory system?
How is the weighted-average cost per unit typically calculated in a perpetual inventory system?
In a period of rising prices, how does the LIFO method generally affect the balance sheet?
In a period of rising prices, how does the LIFO method generally affect the balance sheet?
During periods of rising costs, which inventory costing method tends to report the lowest net income?
During periods of rising costs, which inventory costing method tends to report the lowest net income?
What is the main reason for using the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule?
What is the main reason for using the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) rule?
Under IFRS, how does the definition of 'market value' differ from other accounting standards when applying the lower-of-cost-or-market rule?
Under IFRS, how does the definition of 'market value' differ from other accounting standards when applying the lower-of-cost-or-market rule?
A significant decrease in a retailer's inventory turnover ratio from one year to the next could indicate what problem?
A significant decrease in a retailer's inventory turnover ratio from one year to the next could indicate what problem?
What does a higher-than-average 'days' sales in inventory' indicate for a company, especially one dealing with perishable goods?
What does a higher-than-average 'days' sales in inventory' indicate for a company, especially one dealing with perishable goods?
When costs are declining, which of the following inventory costing methods generally results in the lowest cost of goods sold?
When costs are declining, which of the following inventory costing methods generally results in the lowest cost of goods sold?
Boston Cycles started October with 12 bicycles that cost $42 each. On October 16, the company bought 40 bicycles for $68 each. On October 31, the company sold 34 bicycles for $100 each. If they use LIFO, what journal entries are made? (Select all that apply.)
Boston Cycles started October with 12 bicycles that cost $42 each. On October 16, the company bought 40 bicycles for $68 each. On October 31, the company sold 34 bicycles for $100 each. If they use LIFO, what journal entries are made? (Select all that apply.)
Flashcards
Consistency Principle?
Consistency Principle?
Use the same accounting methods and procedures from period to period.
Disclosure Principle?
Disclosure Principle?
Report enough information for outsiders to make knowledgeable decisions.
Materiality Concept?
Materiality Concept?
Perform proper accounting only for significant items.
Conservatism Principle?
Conservatism Principle?
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Good inventory controls?
Good inventory controls?
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Inventory costing method?
Inventory costing method?
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Specific Identification Method?
Specific Identification Method?
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First-In, First-Out (FIFO)?
First-In, First-Out (FIFO)?
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Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)?
Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)?
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Weighted-Average Method?
Weighted-Average Method?
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Lower-of-Cost-or-Market?
Lower-of-Cost-or-Market?
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Inventory turnover ratio?
Inventory turnover ratio?
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Inventory turnover ratio?
Inventory turnover ratio?
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Days' sales in inventory?
Days' sales in inventory?
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Study Notes
Accounting Principles and Controls
- The consistency principle states that the same accounting methods and procedures should be used consistently from period to period
- The disclosure principle states that a company should report enough information for outsiders to make knowledgeable decisions
- The materiality concept states that a company must perform strictly proper accounting only for significant items
- The conservatism principle states that a business should report the least favorable figures in the financial statements when two or more possible options are presented
Merchandise Inventory Controls
- Good inventory controls ensure that inventory, purchases, and sales are properly authorized
- Inventory controls also ensure proper accounting within the accounting system
- Ensure authorized inventory purchases
- Track and document the receipt of inventory
- Properly record damaged inventory
- Perform annual, physical counts of inventory
- Record and remove inventory from merchandise inventory when sold
Flow of Inventory Costs
- Beginning Inventory + Purchases = Cost of Goods Available for Sale
- Cost of Goods Available for Sale is then separated into Ending Inventory (Balance Sheet) + Cost of Goods Sold (Income Statement)
Perpetual Inventory System
- An inventory costing method approximates the flow of inventory costs in a business
- Inventory Costing Method is used to determine the amount of cost of goods sold and ending merchandise inventory
- Four basic inventory costing methods are allowable by GAAP: Specific identification; First-in, first-out (FIFO); Last-in, first-out (LIFO); Weighted-average
Specific Identification Method
- This method is an inventory costing method based on the specific cost of particular units of inventory
- Items such as Automobiles, Jewels, and Real estate use this method
First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Method
- Assumes the first units purchased are the first to be sold
- Cost of Goods Sold is based on the oldest purchases
- Ending Inventory closely reflects current replacement cost
- Cost of goods available for sale is the total cost spent on inventory that was available to be sold during a period
Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) Method
- This Method is the opposite of FIFO
- As inventory is sold, the cost of the newest item in inventory is assigned to each unit as Cost of Goods Sold
- Cost of Goods Sold closely reflects current replacement cost
- Ending Inventory contains the oldest costing units
Weighted-Average Method
- This method computes a new weighted-average cost per unit after each purchase
- Weighted-average cost per unit is determined by dividing the cost of goods available for sale by the number of units available
- Ending Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold are based on the same weighted-average cost per unit
Financial Statement Effects for Rising Inventory Costs
- Income statement:
- Cost of Goods Sold is higher under LIFO than under FIFO
- Net income is lower under LIFO than under FIFO
- Balance sheet:
- FIFO inventory is the highest
- LIFO inventory will be the lowest
Financial Statement Effects for Declining Inventory Costs
- Income statement:
- Cost of Goods Sold is higher under FIFO than under LIFO.
- Net income is lower under FIFO than under LIFO
- Balance sheet:
-
FIFO inventory will be the lowest.
-
LIFO inventory will be the highest
-
Lower-of-Cost-or-Market (LCM) rule
- Requires that inventory be reported in the financial statements at the lower of the inventory's historical cost or its market value
- Market value generally means the current replacement cost
- Under IFRS, the market value of inventory is defined as the "net realizable value," or essentially its sales price
- The IFRS approach results in fewer write-downs on inventory
Inventory Turnover Ratio
- Measures how rapidly inventory is sold Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Average merchandise inventory.
- Average merchandise inventory = (Beginning merchandise inventory + Ending merchandise inventory) / 2
- A high turnover rate indicates ease of selling, whereas a low turnover rate indicates difficulty in selling
- The ratio should be evaluated against industry averages
Days' Sales in Inventory Ratio
- Measures the average number of days inventory is held by the company.
- days' sales in inventory = 365 days / Inventory turnover.
- Some types of inventory will move faster than others
- For inventory with an expiration date, this measure is very important
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