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Questions and Answers
What is recorded in the Land account?
What is recorded in the Land account?
- The cost of the land itself (correct)
- The cost of buildings located on the land
- The cost of equipment on the land
- The cost of liabilities associated with the land
How are Owner Distributions (Dividends) categorized regarding their impact on accounts?
How are Owner Distributions (Dividends) categorized regarding their impact on accounts?
- Increase both assets and liabilities
- Increase equity but decrease liabilities
- Decrease both assets and equity (correct)
- Decrease both assets and liabilities
What distinguishes Notes Payable from Accounts Payable?
What distinguishes Notes Payable from Accounts Payable?
- Accounts Payable requires interest payment
- Notes Payable involves a written contract (correct)
- Notes Payable can only be for goods, not services
- Notes Payable are always larger amounts
Which terms are commonly associated with liability accounts?
Which terms are commonly associated with liability accounts?
What characterizes Accrued Liabilities?
What characterizes Accrued Liabilities?
What is the relationship between revenue accounts and equity?
What is the relationship between revenue accounts and equity?
How should the costs associated with buildings be recorded?
How should the costs associated with buildings be recorded?
What differentiates Earned Revenue from Unearned Revenue?
What differentiates Earned Revenue from Unearned Revenue?
What is the first step in transforming raw transactions into financial statements?
What is the first step in transforming raw transactions into financial statements?
Which of the following is a purpose of source documents in accounting?
Which of the following is a purpose of source documents in accounting?
How are prepaid accounts treated until the expenses are incurred?
How are prepaid accounts treated until the expenses are incurred?
What differentiates notes receivable from accounts receivable?
What differentiates notes receivable from accounts receivable?
Which type of account tracks the promises of payment from customers for credit sales?
Which type of account tracks the promises of payment from customers for credit sales?
What happens to the cost of supplies once they are used?
What happens to the cost of supplies once they are used?
Which of the following best describes a general ledger?
Which of the following best describes a general ledger?
What category do amounts paid before an expense is incurred fall into?
What category do amounts paid before an expense is incurred fall into?
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Study Notes
From Transactions to Financial Statements
- Identify: Recognition of transactions/events through source documents.
- Analyze: Dissect transactions using the accounting equation.
- Record: Document details in a journal.
- Post: Transfer journal entries to ledger accounts.
- Prepare & Analyze: Create and evaluate the trial balance and financial statements, converting transactions into structured statements.
Source Documents: The Backbone of Accounting
- Purpose: Capture and describe transactions/events for accounting entry.
- Forms: Can be either hard copy or electronic.
- Examples: Sales receipts, checks, purchase orders, supplier bills, payroll records, bank statements.
- Function: Provide reliable evidence for recording transactions, referred to as "the books."
Accounts and Ledgers
- Account: Monitors increases/decreases in assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, or expenses.
- General Ledger: Comprehensive record of all accounts and their balances, usually electronic.
- Tailored accounts may exist alongside common accounts, specific to company operations.
Asset Accounts
- Assets: Resources owned/controlled with future benefits.
- Cash: Reflects company's cash balance; records all transactions involving money.
- Accounts Receivable: Payment promises from customers for credit sales; maintained separately for each customer.
- Notes Receivable: Written payment promises; includes interest and involves a formal contract.
- Prepaid Accounts: Prepayments for future services; considered assets until expenses are recognized.
- Supplies Accounts: Supplies treated as assets until used, then classified as expenses.
- Equipment Accounts: Cost of equipment allocated over time via depreciation.
- Buildings Accounts: Building costs recorded as assets, depreciated over time.
- Land: Cost recorded in a separate Land account; building costs recorded in building accounts.
Liabilities
- Liabilities: Obligations to transfer assets or provide services; forms creditor claims.
- Accounts Payable: Obligations to pay suppliers for credit purchases, recorded separately for each supplier.
- Notes Payable: Formal promissory notes requiring future payments; may include interest.
- Unearned Revenue: Advanced customer payments for services/products, recorded until delivered.
- Accrued Liabilities: Amounts owed but not yet paid; examples include wages and taxes payable.
Equity Accounts
- Equity: Owner's claim on assets post-liabilities; also termed stockholders'/shareholders' equity.
- Owner Investments: Increase both assets and equity; recorded in the Common Stock account.
- Owner Distributions (Dividends): Reduce both assets and equity; logged in the Dividends account.
- Revenue Accounts: Sales of products/services increase equity; includes various specific account titles.
- Expenses: Costs incurred in revenue generation, impacting equity negatively; recorded separately.
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