Accessories and Abettors Act 1861 & Criminal Law Act 1977
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between aiding and abetting a crime?

  • Aiding involves providing advice, while abetting involves instigating the offence.
  • Aiding requires substantial assistance, while abetting does not.
  • Aiding involves encouraging, while abetting involves providing material support.
  • The person must be aware of the assistance in aiding but not in abetting. (correct)

    • Which of the following terms can be used for a charge under the ACTUS REAS Accessories and Abettors Act 1861?

  • Facilitate
  • Assist
  • Permit
  • Encourage (correct)

    • Which scenario might be considered evidence of abetting a crime?

  • Acting as a lookout during the commission of a crime.
  • Watching an illegal prize fight without any intention to encourage.
  • Encouraging someone to commit an offence by providing advice.
  • Attending an event where a crime takes place without intention to incite. (correct)

    • In a situation where multiple terms are used for a charge, how many of the terms need to be fulfilled according to the text?

    <p>Only one needs to be fulfilled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that distinguishes counselling from abetting and procuring?

    <p>The presence of a causal connection to the actual commission of the offence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal move is noted towards the language of assistance and encouragement?

    <p>Proposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of abetting a crime, what is significant according to the ruling in Clarkson?

    <p>Mere presence which doesn't encourage is insignificant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions falls under 'encouragement'?

    <p>Counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Calhaem convicted despite the victim not being murdered as per her counsel?

    <p>Counselling did not require a causal connection to the actual murder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what case did Lord Widgery CJ state that not all instances of procurement fall under encouragement?

    <p>Attorney General’s Reference (No 1 of 1975) case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Parliament imply by using four words 'aid, abet, counsel or procure' according to the text?

    <p>'Aiding' is distinct from 'abetting', 'counselling', and 'procuring'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest approaching Section 8 of the 1861 Act in terms of interpreting the words used?

    <p>Giving them their ordinary meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

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