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Questions and Answers
A ______ is a group of one or more interfaces that have similar functions or features.
A ______ is a group of one or more interfaces that have similar functions or features.
zone
Firewalls primarily protect from technical attacks originating from the ______.
Firewalls primarily protect from technical attacks originating from the ______.
outside
All traffic from the trusted network is allowed ______.
All traffic from the trusted network is allowed ______.
out
The ______ device is never directly accessible from the public network.
The ______ device is never directly accessible from the public network.
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol data is allowed to enter through the firewall but is routed to a well-configured ______ gateway.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol data is allowed to enter through the firewall but is routed to a well-configured ______ gateway.
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All Internet Control Message Protocol data should be ______.
All Internet Control Message Protocol data should be ______.
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Kerberos Ticket Granting Service provides tickets to clients who request ______ services.
Kerberos Ticket Granting Service provides tickets to clients who request ______ services.
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All data that is not verifiably ______ should be denied.
All data that is not verifiably ______ should be denied.
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A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) typically has one interface connected to the ______ network.
A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) typically has one interface connected to the ______ network.
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Traffic originating from the private network is ______ and inspected as it travels toward the public network.
Traffic originating from the private network is ______ and inspected as it travels toward the public network.
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Traffic coming from the DMZ and traveling to the private network is usually ______.
Traffic coming from the DMZ and traveling to the private network is usually ______.
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Firewalls do not stop intrusions that come from hosts within a ______.
Firewalls do not stop intrusions that come from hosts within a ______.
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Firewalls are no substitute for informed administrators and ______.
Firewalls are no substitute for informed administrators and ______.
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Positioning firewalls at security ______ is a best practice for enhancing security.
Positioning firewalls at security ______ is a best practice for enhancing security.
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Zone-based Policy Firewalls use the concept of ______ to provide additional security.
Zone-based Policy Firewalls use the concept of ______ to provide additional security.
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To improve security, it is important to regularly ______ firewall logs.
To improve security, it is important to regularly ______ firewall logs.
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Stateful firewalls track the ______ of network connections.
Stateful firewalls track the ______ of network connections.
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Packet filtering firewalls have limitations, as they cannot inspect the contents of ______.
Packet filtering firewalls have limitations, as they cannot inspect the contents of ______.
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Firewall architecture can be categorized into two main types: ______ and stateful firewalls.
Firewall architecture can be categorized into two main types: ______ and stateful firewalls.
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A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is designed to add an extra layer of ______ to an organization's internal network.
A Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is designed to add an extra layer of ______ to an organization's internal network.
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Network security considerations include preventing exposure of sensitive ______ to untrusted users.
Network security considerations include preventing exposure of sensitive ______ to untrusted users.
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Firewalls can sanitize flow protocol to prevent the exploitation of ______ flaws.
Firewalls can sanitize flow protocol to prevent the exploitation of ______ flaws.
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Packet filtering firewalls operate based on Layer 3 and Layer ______ information.
Packet filtering firewalls operate based on Layer 3 and Layer ______ information.
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Firewalls are the only transit point between corporate networks and ______ networks.
Firewalls are the only transit point between corporate networks and ______ networks.
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Study Notes
Access Control
- Access control is a selective method that defines who can use resources and how. This involves specifying which subjects (users or entities) can access which objects (data or resources).
- Discretionary access controls allow users to control access rights.
- Nondiscretionary access controls (implemented by a central authority) specify who can access things, rather than letting the objects' owners decide.
- Lattice-based access control is a variation of mandatory access controls (requiring a central authority). It uses a matrix of authorizations to specify access.
- Role-based access control assigns privileges based on the user's job or role.
- Task-based access control grants privileges based on a user's current task. These privileges are temporary.
- Mandatory access control uses a structured data classification scheme to define sensitivity levels for different data and users.
- Attribute-based access control defines access based on user attributes. Attributes are characteristics of a user used to restrict object access.
- Access control mechanisms include Identification, Authentication, Authorization, and Accountability.
Access Control Mechanisms
- Identification: The process of determining a user's identity. This usually involves a username or label known to the system.
- Authentication: Verifying a user's claimed identity. This often uses passwords, smart cards, biometric data (e.g., fingerprints, facial recognition), or other methods.
- Authorization: Determining and validating what actions an authenticated user is permitted to perform on particular objects.
- Accountability: Tracking actions taken within the system (both authorized and unauthorized) and linking these actions to the user account who performed the actions.
Access Control Models
- Trusted Computing Base (TCSEC/Orange Book) and ITSEC are sets of criteria used to evaluate and classify the security of computer systems developed by the US Department of Defense and European standards, respectively.
- Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408) is an international standard for computer security certification.
- Bell-LaPadula Confidentiality Model is a model focused on maintaining confidentiality in multi-level security systems.
- Biba Integrity Model focuses on maintaining data integrity.
- Clark-Wilson Integrity Model ensures data integrity by enforcing properly formed transactions to prevent unauthorized or improper modifications.
- Graham-Denning Access Control Model specifies how subjects and objects are securely managed within a system.
- Harrison-Ruzzo-Ullman Model formally specifies how a system controls resource access in a structured and secure manner.
Firewalls
- Firewalls control access between networks. They enforce policies on network traffic.
- Common properties include resistance to network attacks, and being the only transit point between networks.
- Benefits of using firewalls include: protecting sensitive hosts, sanitizing flows, reducing security management.
- Common types of firewalls include packet filtering, stateful firewalls, application gateways, next-generation firewalls, and host-based firewalls.
- Packet filtering firewalls permit or deny traffic based on network-layer information.
- Stateful firewalls add context from previous communication to the decision process.
- Application gateways filter at the application layer.
- Limitations include misconfiguration potential, security issues if bypassing, performance impact, and difficulties with more complex attacks.
Layered Defense
- Layered defense is a security strategy consisting of multiple layers to protect against various threats. Network Core Security, Perimeter Security, Communications Security, and Endpoint Security are different layers.
- Security measures and considerations that should be taken into account about firewalls.
VPNs
- Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) provide a secure connection over a public network.
- Common VPN types include trusted, secure, and hybrid.
- VPNs use encapsulation, encryption, and authentication to secure communication over public networks.
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Description
This quiz covers various methods of access control, defining who can access specific resources and data. It explores discretionary, nondiscretionary, lattice-based, role-based, task-based, mandatory, and attribute-based access controls. Test your understanding of these critical security concepts!
