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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic feature of Mesostigmatid mites in terms of their stigmata?
What is the characteristic feature of Mesostigmatid mites in terms of their stigmata?
- Above the coxae of the first pair of legs
- Below the coxae of the second pair of legs
- Above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs (correct)
- Above the coxae of the last pair of legs
What is the main characteristic of the Macronyssidae family?
What is the main characteristic of the Macronyssidae family?
- They are small, host-specific mites
- They are large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (correct)
- They are found in the external ears of mammals
- They are primarily found in the respiratory tracts of mammals
Which family of mites is known for being blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals?
Which family of mites is known for being blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals?
- Halarachnidae
- Entonyssidae
- Macronyssidae (correct)
- Dermanyssidiae
What is the characteristic of the genus Dermanyssus?
What is the characteristic of the genus Dermanyssus?
Where are mites of the subfamily Halarachinae typically found?
Where are mites of the subfamily Halarachinae typically found?
What is the characteristic feature of the family Entonyssidae?
What is the characteristic feature of the family Entonyssidae?
What is the characteristic of the genus Ornithonyssus?
What is the characteristic of the genus Ornithonyssus?
What is the characteristic feature of Mesostigmatid mites in terms of their shields?
What is the characteristic feature of Mesostigmatid mites in terms of their shields?
Where can Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, and Mabuyonysus be found?
Where can Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, and Mabuyonysus be found?
What is the common name of the parasite Androlaelaps?
What is the common name of the parasite Androlaelaps?
What is the class of aberrant arthropods that resemble annelid worms?
What is the class of aberrant arthropods that resemble annelid worms?
What is the characteristic shape of pentastomids?
What is the characteristic shape of pentastomids?
In what period did the first fossil records of Arachnida originate?
In what period did the first fossil records of Arachnida originate?
When did the diversification of Acari probably occur?
When did the diversification of Acari probably occur?
What is the name of the genus that is of some veterinary significance?
What is the name of the genus that is of some veterinary significance?
What is the approximate length of pentastomids?
What is the approximate length of pentastomids?
What type of organs did the terrestrial Arachnida acquire during the transition from the marine environment onto land?
What type of organs did the terrestrial Arachnida acquire during the transition from the marine environment onto land?
What does the fossil record suggest about the Acari's colonization of terrestrial environments?
What does the fossil record suggest about the Acari's colonization of terrestrial environments?
According to the fossil records, what is the earliest known superorder of Acari?
According to the fossil records, what is the earliest known superorder of Acari?
What is the approximate age of the fossil records of the Parasitiformes?
What is the approximate age of the fossil records of the Parasitiformes?
What is the approximate age of the diversification of the orders and classes of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks?
What is the approximate age of the diversification of the orders and classes of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks?
What is the approximate age of the Trigynaspida fossil records?
What is the approximate age of the Trigynaspida fossil records?
All Mesostigmatid mites are ectoparasites of birds and mammals.
All Mesostigmatid mites are ectoparasites of birds and mammals.
Macronyssidae and Dermanyssidae are the only two families of veterinary interest in the sub-order Mesostigmata.
Macronyssidae and Dermanyssidae are the only two families of veterinary interest in the sub-order Mesostigmata.
The Protonymph and adult stages of Macronyssidae mites do not feed.
The Protonymph and adult stages of Macronyssidae mites do not feed.
Mites of the subfamily Halarachinae are found in the nasal sinuses and nasal passages of dogs.
Mites of the subfamily Halarachinae are found in the nasal sinuses and nasal passages of dogs.
Entonyssidae mites are found in the respiratory tract of mammals.
Entonyssidae mites are found in the respiratory tract of mammals.
Raillietia is found in the ears of domestic dogs.
Raillietia is found in the ears of domestic dogs.
Mesostigmatid mites have stigmata below the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs.
Mesostigmatid mites have stigmata below the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs.
All Dermanyssidae mites are greyish white in color.
All Dermanyssidae mites are greyish white in color.
The Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of the same type at the same time during their transition from the marine environment onto land.
The Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of the same type at the same time during their transition from the marine environment onto land.
The fossil records suggest that the Acari did not colonize terrestrial environments until the early Devonian.
The fossil records suggest that the Acari did not colonize terrestrial environments until the early Devonian.
All fossil Acari known from the early Devonian belong to the superorder Parasitiformes.
All fossil Acari known from the early Devonian belong to the superorder Parasitiformes.
The fossil records of the Parasitiformes date back to the early Triassic.
The fossil records of the Parasitiformes date back to the early Triassic.
The diversification of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks occurred in the early Paleozoic.
The diversification of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks occurred in the early Paleozoic.
The fossil records of the Acari do not show any diversity by the early to mid-Devonian.
The fossil records of the Acari do not show any diversity by the early to mid-Devonian.
Pentastomids are typically found in the digestive system of vertebrates.
Pentastomids are typically found in the digestive system of vertebrates.
All species of the family Rhinonyssidae are parasites of snakes.
All species of the family Rhinonyssidae are parasites of snakes.
The genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance for dogs and cats.
The genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance for dogs and cats.
Androlaelaps is a blood-feeding parasite of rodents.
Androlaelaps is a blood-feeding parasite of rodents.
Pentastomids have a large mouth and small claws at the anterior end.
Pentastomids have a large mouth and small claws at the anterior end.
The oldest fossil record of a mite is from the Cambrian period.
The oldest fossil record of a mite is from the Cambrian period.
The diversification of the Acari probably occurred around 400 million years ago.
The diversification of the Acari probably occurred around 400 million years ago.
Pentastomids are up to 1.0 cm long.
Pentastomids are up to 1.0 cm long.
Mesostigmatid mites have stigmata above the coxae of the first pair of legs.
Mesostigmatid mites have stigmata above the coxae of the first pair of legs.
The Macronyssidae and Dermanyssidae are the only families of veterinary interest in the sub-order Mesostigmata.
The Macronyssidae and Dermanyssidae are the only families of veterinary interest in the sub-order Mesostigmata.
Only the protonymph and adult stages of Macronyssidae mites feed.
Only the protonymph and adult stages of Macronyssidae mites feed.
Mites of the subfamily Halarachinae are found in the nasal sinuses and nasal passages of domestic cattle.
Mites of the subfamily Halarachinae are found in the nasal sinuses and nasal passages of domestic cattle.
Entonyssidae mites are found in the respiratory tract of mammals and reptiles.
Entonyssidae mites are found in the respiratory tract of mammals and reptiles.
Pentastomids are found in the digestive system of vertebrates.
Pentastomids are found in the digestive system of vertebrates.
The genus Linguatula is of veterinary significance for dogs, cats, and foxes.
The genus Linguatula is of veterinary significance for dogs, cats, and foxes.
Androlaelaps is a blood-feeding parasite of rodents.
Androlaelaps is a blood-feeding parasite of rodents.
Pentastomids have a small mouth and tiny claws at the extremity of the thick anterior end.
Pentastomids have a small mouth and tiny claws at the extremity of the thick anterior end.
The oldest fossil record of a mite is from the Cambrian period.
The oldest fossil record of a mite is from the Cambrian period.
The terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of the same type at the same time during their transition from the marine environment onto land.
The terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of the same type at the same time during their transition from the marine environment onto land.
The fossil records suggest that the Acari did not colonize terrestrial environments until the early Devonian.
The fossil records suggest that the Acari did not colonize terrestrial environments until the early Devonian.
All fossil Acari known from the early Devonian belong to the superorder Parasitiformes.
All fossil Acari known from the early Devonian belong to the superorder Parasitiformes.
The fossil records of the Parasitiformes date back to the early Triassic.
The fossil records of the Parasitiformes date back to the early Triassic.
The diversification of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks occurred in the early Paleozoic.
The diversification of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks occurred in the early Paleozoic.
Ticks are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites.
Ticks are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites.
Ticks of the family Ixodidae live in close proximity to their hosts.
Ticks of the family Ixodidae live in close proximity to their hosts.
Ticks can cause anemia in their hosts.
Ticks can cause anemia in their hosts.
The neurotoxin present in the saliva of some tick species is responsible for tick-borne encephalitis.
The neurotoxin present in the saliva of some tick species is responsible for tick-borne encephalitis.
African swine fever is a tick-borne viral disease that affects wild suids.
African swine fever is a tick-borne viral disease that affects wild suids.
Borrelia sp. is a tick-borne bacterial disease.
Borrelia sp. is a tick-borne bacterial disease.
Hepatozoon canis is a tick-borne protozoal disease that affects dogs.
Hepatozoon canis is a tick-borne protozoal disease that affects dogs.
Ticks can cause fever, chills, and muscle pain in their hosts.
Ticks can cause fever, chills, and muscle pain in their hosts.
Tick bites can cause an immediate skin rash.
Tick bites can cause an immediate skin rash.
Ticks can transmit viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases to their hosts.
Ticks can transmit viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases to their hosts.
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Study Notes
Mesostigmata
- A large group of mites, mostly predatory, but some species are ectoparasites of birds and mammals
- Stigmata are located above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs
- Typically large, with one large sclerotized shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface
- Legs are long and positioned anteriorly
Families of Mesostigmata
- Macronyssidae: relatively large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Ornithonyssus, Ophionyssus)
- Dermanyssidae: blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Dermanyssus)
- Halarachinidae: mites found in mammals' respiratory tracts (e.g. Pneumonyssus)
- Entonyssidae: mites found in the respiratory tract of reptiles (e.g. Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, Mabuyonysus)
- Rhinonyssidae: mites found in birds' nasopharynxes (e.g. Sternosoma)
- Laelapidae: blood-feeding parasites of rodents (e.g. Hirstionyssus, Haemogamasus, Haemolaelaps, Echinolaelaps, Eulaelaps, Laelaps)
Class Pentastomida
- A strange class of aberrant arthropods
- Adults are found in the respiratory passages of vertebrates
- Resemble annelid worms rather than arthropods
- Genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance (e.g. adult parasites in the nasal passages and sinuses of dogs, cats, and foxes)
Fossil Records of Acari
- First fossil records date back to the late Silurian-early Devonian periods (c.425 mya)
- Oldest mite fossil is from the Devonian (410 mya)
- Fossil records show that the Acari had achieved a certain amount of diversity by the early to mid-Devonian
- Terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of different types at different times during the transition from the marine environment onto land
Mesostigmata
- A large group of mites, mostly predatory, but some species are ectoparasites of birds and mammals
- Stigmata are located above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs
- Typically large, with one large sclerotized shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface
- Legs are long and positioned anteriorly
Families of Mesostigmata
- Macronyssidae: relatively large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Ornithonyssus, Ophionyssus)
- Dermanyssidae: blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Dermanyssus)
- Halarachinidae: mites found in mammals' respiratory tracts (e.g. Pneumonyssus)
- Entonyssidae: mites found in the respiratory tract of reptiles (e.g. Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, Mabuyonysus)
- Rhinonyssidae: mites found in birds' nasopharynxes (e.g. Sternosoma)
- Laelapidae: blood-feeding parasites of rodents (e.g. Hirstionyssus, Haemogamasus, Haemolaelaps, Echinolaelaps, Eulaelaps, Laelaps)
Class Pentastomida
- A strange class of aberrant arthropods
- Adults are found in the respiratory passages of vertebrates
- Resemble annelid worms rather than arthropods
- Genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance (e.g. adult parasites in the nasal passages and sinuses of dogs, cats, and foxes)
Fossil Records of Acari
- First fossil records date back to the late Silurian-early Devonian periods (c.425 mya)
- Oldest mite fossil is from the Devonian (410 mya)
- Fossil records show that the Acari had achieved a certain amount of diversity by the early to mid-Devonian
- Terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of different types at different times during the transition from the marine environment onto land
Mesostigmata
- A large group of mites, mostly predatory, but some species are ectoparasites of birds and mammals
- Stigmata are located above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs
- Typically large, with one large sclerotized shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface
- Legs are long and positioned anteriorly
Families of Mesostigmata
- Macronyssidae: relatively large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Ornithonyssus, Ophionyssus)
- Dermanyssidae: blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Dermanyssus)
- Halarachinidae: mites found in mammals' respiratory tracts (e.g. Pneumonyssus)
- Entonyssidae: mites found in the respiratory tract of reptiles (e.g. Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, Mabuyonysus)
- Rhinonyssidae: mites found in birds' nasopharynxes (e.g. Sternosoma)
- Laelapidae: blood-feeding parasites of rodents (e.g. Hirstionyssus, Haemogamasus, Haemolaelaps, Echinolaelaps, Eulaelaps, Laelaps)
Class Pentastomida
- A strange class of aberrant arthropods
- Adults are found in the respiratory passages of vertebrates
- Resemble annelid worms rather than arthropods
- Genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance (e.g. adult parasites in the nasal passages and sinuses of dogs, cats, and foxes)
Fossil Records of Acari
- First fossil records date back to the late Silurian-early Devonian periods (c.425 mya)
- Oldest mite fossil is from the Devonian (410 mya)
- Fossil records show that the Acari had achieved a certain amount of diversity by the early to mid-Devonian
- Terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of different types at different times during the transition from the marine environment onto land
Classification and Characteristics of Ticks
- Ticks belong to the class Arachnida and are closely related to mites
- They are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites and vectors of disease
Types of Ticks
- Ixodidae: primarily live outdoors, mate on host, require days to complete engorgement
- Argasidae: live in close proximity to host, mate off host, require minutes to hours to feed and feed repeatedly
Tick-Borne Diseases
Viral Diseases
- Colorado tick fever: affects rodents, transmitted by Dermacentor ticks
- Tick-borne encephalitis: affects humans, cattle, horses, dogs
- African swine fever: affects wild suids, transmitted by Ornithodorus ticks
Rickettsial Diseases
- Rickettsia rickettsii
- Anaplasma sp.
- Ehrlichia sp.
Bacterial Diseases
- Borrelia sp.
- Mycoplasma haemocanis
- Francisella tularensis
Protozoal Diseases
- Hepatozoon canis
- Babesia sp.
- Cytauxzoon felis
Symptoms of Tick Bites
- Fever
- Chills
- Muscle pain
- Headaches
- Tiredness
- Itchiness or irritation (not immediate)
- Skin rash
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