Acarology Lecture 7: Mesostigmata
69 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic feature of Mesostigmatid mites in terms of their stigmata?

  • Above the coxae of the first pair of legs
  • Below the coxae of the second pair of legs
  • Above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs (correct)
  • Above the coxae of the last pair of legs
  • What is the main characteristic of the Macronyssidae family?

  • They are small, host-specific mites
  • They are large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (correct)
  • They are found in the external ears of mammals
  • They are primarily found in the respiratory tracts of mammals
  • Which family of mites is known for being blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals?

  • Halarachnidae
  • Entonyssidae
  • Macronyssidae (correct)
  • Dermanyssidiae
  • What is the characteristic of the genus Dermanyssus?

    <p>They are large, blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mites of the subfamily Halarachinae typically found?

    <p>In the respiratory tracts of mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the family Entonyssidae?

    <p>They are found in the respiratory tracts of reptiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the genus Ornithonyssus?

    <p>They are blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Mesostigmatid mites in terms of their shields?

    <p>One large shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, and Mabuyonysus be found?

    <p>In the trachea and lungs of snakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the parasite Androlaelaps?

    <p>Poultry litter mite or nest mite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the class of aberrant arthropods that resemble annelid worms?

    <p>Pentastomida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of pentastomids?

    <p>Elongated tongue-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what period did the first fossil records of Arachnida originate?

    <p>Silurian-early Devonian periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the diversification of Acari probably occur?

    <p>200 million years ago in the Cambrian period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the genus that is of some veterinary significance?

    <p>Linguatula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of pentastomids?

    <p>Up to 2.0 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organs did the terrestrial Arachnida acquire during the transition from the marine environment onto land?

    <p>Respiratory organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fossil record suggest about the Acari's colonization of terrestrial environments?

    <p>They colonized terrestrial environments as early as the late Silurian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the fossil records, what is the earliest known superorder of Acari?

    <p>Acariformes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the fossil records of the Parasitiformes?

    <p>Late Cretaceous (c.100 mya)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the diversification of the orders and classes of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks?

    <p>Late Palaeozoic (c.300 mya)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the Trigynaspida fossil records?

    <p>Upper Triassic (c.220 mya)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All Mesostigmatid mites are ectoparasites of birds and mammals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macronyssidae and Dermanyssidae are the only two families of veterinary interest in the sub-order Mesostigmata.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Protonymph and adult stages of Macronyssidae mites do not feed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mites of the subfamily Halarachinae are found in the nasal sinuses and nasal passages of dogs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entonyssidae mites are found in the respiratory tract of mammals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Raillietia is found in the ears of domestic dogs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesostigmatid mites have stigmata below the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All Dermanyssidae mites are greyish white in color.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of the same type at the same time during their transition from the marine environment onto land.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fossil records suggest that the Acari did not colonize terrestrial environments until the early Devonian.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All fossil Acari known from the early Devonian belong to the superorder Parasitiformes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fossil records of the Parasitiformes date back to the early Triassic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diversification of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks occurred in the early Paleozoic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fossil records of the Acari do not show any diversity by the early to mid-Devonian.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pentastomids are typically found in the digestive system of vertebrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All species of the family Rhinonyssidae are parasites of snakes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance for dogs and cats.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Androlaelaps is a blood-feeding parasite of rodents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pentastomids have a large mouth and small claws at the anterior end.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oldest fossil record of a mite is from the Cambrian period.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diversification of the Acari probably occurred around 400 million years ago.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pentastomids are up to 1.0 cm long.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesostigmatid mites have stigmata above the coxae of the first pair of legs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Macronyssidae and Dermanyssidae are the only families of veterinary interest in the sub-order Mesostigmata.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only the protonymph and adult stages of Macronyssidae mites feed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mites of the subfamily Halarachinae are found in the nasal sinuses and nasal passages of domestic cattle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entonyssidae mites are found in the respiratory tract of mammals and reptiles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pentastomids are found in the digestive system of vertebrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genus Linguatula is of veterinary significance for dogs, cats, and foxes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Androlaelaps is a blood-feeding parasite of rodents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pentastomids have a small mouth and tiny claws at the extremity of the thick anterior end.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oldest fossil record of a mite is from the Cambrian period.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of the same type at the same time during their transition from the marine environment onto land.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fossil records suggest that the Acari did not colonize terrestrial environments until the early Devonian.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All fossil Acari known from the early Devonian belong to the superorder Parasitiformes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fossil records of the Parasitiformes date back to the early Triassic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diversification of spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks occurred in the early Paleozoic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ticks are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ticks of the family Ixodidae live in close proximity to their hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ticks can cause anemia in their hosts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The neurotoxin present in the saliva of some tick species is responsible for tick-borne encephalitis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    African swine fever is a tick-borne viral disease that affects wild suids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Borrelia sp. is a tick-borne bacterial disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatozoon canis is a tick-borne protozoal disease that affects dogs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ticks can cause fever, chills, and muscle pain in their hosts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tick bites can cause an immediate skin rash.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ticks can transmit viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases to their hosts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mesostigmata

    • A large group of mites, mostly predatory, but some species are ectoparasites of birds and mammals
    • Stigmata are located above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs
    • Typically large, with one large sclerotized shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface
    • Legs are long and positioned anteriorly

    Families of Mesostigmata

    • Macronyssidae: relatively large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Ornithonyssus, Ophionyssus)
    • Dermanyssidae: blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Dermanyssus)
    • Halarachinidae: mites found in mammals' respiratory tracts (e.g. Pneumonyssus)
    • Entonyssidae: mites found in the respiratory tract of reptiles (e.g. Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, Mabuyonysus)
    • Rhinonyssidae: mites found in birds' nasopharynxes (e.g. Sternosoma)
    • Laelapidae: blood-feeding parasites of rodents (e.g. Hirstionyssus, Haemogamasus, Haemolaelaps, Echinolaelaps, Eulaelaps, Laelaps)

    Class Pentastomida

    • A strange class of aberrant arthropods
    • Adults are found in the respiratory passages of vertebrates
    • Resemble annelid worms rather than arthropods
    • Genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance (e.g. adult parasites in the nasal passages and sinuses of dogs, cats, and foxes)

    Fossil Records of Acari

    • First fossil records date back to the late Silurian-early Devonian periods (c.425 mya)
    • Oldest mite fossil is from the Devonian (410 mya)
    • Fossil records show that the Acari had achieved a certain amount of diversity by the early to mid-Devonian
    • Terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of different types at different times during the transition from the marine environment onto land

    Mesostigmata

    • A large group of mites, mostly predatory, but some species are ectoparasites of birds and mammals
    • Stigmata are located above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs
    • Typically large, with one large sclerotized shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface
    • Legs are long and positioned anteriorly

    Families of Mesostigmata

    • Macronyssidae: relatively large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Ornithonyssus, Ophionyssus)
    • Dermanyssidae: blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Dermanyssus)
    • Halarachinidae: mites found in mammals' respiratory tracts (e.g. Pneumonyssus)
    • Entonyssidae: mites found in the respiratory tract of reptiles (e.g. Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, Mabuyonysus)
    • Rhinonyssidae: mites found in birds' nasopharynxes (e.g. Sternosoma)
    • Laelapidae: blood-feeding parasites of rodents (e.g. Hirstionyssus, Haemogamasus, Haemolaelaps, Echinolaelaps, Eulaelaps, Laelaps)

    Class Pentastomida

    • A strange class of aberrant arthropods
    • Adults are found in the respiratory passages of vertebrates
    • Resemble annelid worms rather than arthropods
    • Genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance (e.g. adult parasites in the nasal passages and sinuses of dogs, cats, and foxes)

    Fossil Records of Acari

    • First fossil records date back to the late Silurian-early Devonian periods (c.425 mya)
    • Oldest mite fossil is from the Devonian (410 mya)
    • Fossil records show that the Acari had achieved a certain amount of diversity by the early to mid-Devonian
    • Terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of different types at different times during the transition from the marine environment onto land

    Mesostigmata

    • A large group of mites, mostly predatory, but some species are ectoparasites of birds and mammals
    • Stigmata are located above the coxae of the second, third, or fourth pairs of legs
    • Typically large, with one large sclerotized shield on the dorsal surface and a series of smaller shields in the midline of the ventral surface
    • Legs are long and positioned anteriorly

    Families of Mesostigmata

    • Macronyssidae: relatively large, blood-sucking ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Ornithonyssus, Ophionyssus)
    • Dermanyssidae: blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals (e.g. Dermanyssus)
    • Halarachinidae: mites found in mammals' respiratory tracts (e.g. Pneumonyssus)
    • Entonyssidae: mites found in the respiratory tract of reptiles (e.g. Entonyssus, Entophionyssus, Mabuyonysus)
    • Rhinonyssidae: mites found in birds' nasopharynxes (e.g. Sternosoma)
    • Laelapidae: blood-feeding parasites of rodents (e.g. Hirstionyssus, Haemogamasus, Haemolaelaps, Echinolaelaps, Eulaelaps, Laelaps)

    Class Pentastomida

    • A strange class of aberrant arthropods
    • Adults are found in the respiratory passages of vertebrates
    • Resemble annelid worms rather than arthropods
    • Genus Linguatula is of some veterinary significance (e.g. adult parasites in the nasal passages and sinuses of dogs, cats, and foxes)

    Fossil Records of Acari

    • First fossil records date back to the late Silurian-early Devonian periods (c.425 mya)
    • Oldest mite fossil is from the Devonian (410 mya)
    • Fossil records show that the Acari had achieved a certain amount of diversity by the early to mid-Devonian
    • Terrestrial Arachnida acquired respiratory organs of different types at different times during the transition from the marine environment onto land

    Classification and Characteristics of Ticks

    • Ticks belong to the class Arachnida and are closely related to mites
    • They are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites and vectors of disease

    Types of Ticks

    • Ixodidae: primarily live outdoors, mate on host, require days to complete engorgement
    • Argasidae: live in close proximity to host, mate off host, require minutes to hours to feed and feed repeatedly

    Tick-Borne Diseases

    Viral Diseases

    • Colorado tick fever: affects rodents, transmitted by Dermacentor ticks
    • Tick-borne encephalitis: affects humans, cattle, horses, dogs
    • African swine fever: affects wild suids, transmitted by Ornithodorus ticks

    Rickettsial Diseases

    • Rickettsia rickettsii
    • Anaplasma sp.
    • Ehrlichia sp.

    Bacterial Diseases

    • Borrelia sp.
    • Mycoplasma haemocanis
    • Francisella tularensis

    Protozoal Diseases

    • Hepatozoon canis
    • Babesia sp.
    • Cytauxzoon felis

    Symptoms of Tick Bites

    • Fever
    • Chills
    • Muscle pain
    • Headaches
    • Tiredness
    • Itchiness or irritation (not immediate)
    • Skin rash

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Acarology Lecture 7 PDF

    Description

    This lecture covers the characteristics and classification of Mesostigmata, a group of mites that are primarily predatory but also include ectoparasites of birds and mammals.

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser