Academic vs Narrative Writing

• Academic writing is clear, concise, focused, structured, and backed up by evidence
• The purpose of academic writing is to aid the reader’s understanding
• It has a formal tone and style but is not complex and doesn’t need long sentences and complicated vocabulary
• Academic writing involves the use of evidence-based arguments

Literature Review

• A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic
• Surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of study
• The purpose is to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the existing knowledge
• Demonstrates an understanding of the topic and the ability to analyze and integrate the research of others critically
• Provides context for research and shows how the work fits into the broader field of study
• Literature reviews can be stand-alone pieces or part of a larger research paper

Narrative Writing

• Narrative writing tells a story
• The writer recounts a series of events in a meaningful way
• Incorporates storytelling elements, such as plot, characters, setting, and theme
• Used in various forms, including fiction, personal essays, and historical accounts
• Emphasizes emotional impact and reader engagement

Descriptive Writing

• Descriptive writing focuses on providing detailed sensory information to create a vivid picture in the reader's mind
• It uses adjectives, adverbs, and figurative language to describe people, places, things, and events
• The goal is to evoke a specific mood or feeling through the use of rich, evocative language
• Descriptive writing enhances other forms of writing by adding depth and detail

Critical Writing

• Critical writing requires you to go beyond summarizing information
• It analyzes and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of arguments and evidence
• Critical writing involves forming judgments and opinions based on an examination of the available information
• It demonstrates the ability to think independently and engage with complex ideas in a thoughtful way
• It offers a balanced assessment by considering multiple perspectives and acknowledging potential biases

Analytical Writing

• Analytical writing breaks down complex topics or issues into their component parts
• It examines the relationships between these parts
• Analytical writing identifies patterns, trends, and underlying meanings
• Often involves interpreting data or information to draw conclusions and make recommendations
• It requires logical reasoning and critical thinking skills

Analytical Report

• An analytical report presents the findings of a detailed analysis of a specific issue or problem
• It includes an introduction, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion
• Analytical reports are used in business, research, and government settings to inform decision-making
• The report should be clear, concise, and well-organized, with supporting data and evidence
• It aims to provide insights and recommendations based on the analysis

Tenses

• Tenses indicate the time at which an action takes place
• English has three main tenses: past, present, and future
• Each tense has four aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous
• Correct tense usage is essential for clear and accurate communication
• Common mistakes include using the wrong tense, mixing tenses inappropriately, and failing to maintain tense consistency within a piece of writing

SWOT Analysis

• SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
• SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate these four elements of a project or business venture
• Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors, while opportunities and threats are external factors
• Strengths are the positive attributes, resources, and capabilities of the organization
• Weaknesses are the internal limitations or disadvantages
• Opportunities are the external factors that the organization can exploit to its advantage
• Threats are the external factors that could pose challenges or risks to the organization
• SWOT analysis helps in making informed decisions and developing effective strategies by understanding the internal and external environment