Academic Integrity Policy and Resources Quiz

What is the primary purpose of experimental design according to the passage?

To use resources efficiently
To obtain valid results from which safe conclusions can be drawn (correct)
To minimize the severity of experiments
To ensure the reproducibility of research findings

What key aspect of experimental design does the passage suggest is often lacking in biomedical research?

Biological insight to formulate a good experimental question
Clearly stating the hypothesis or objective of the study
An appreciation of statistics to properly analyze results
Randomization and blinding of experiments (correct)

According to the passage, what is the scale of the reproducibility problem in biomedical research?

Findings were confirmed in only 14 of 67 studies (21%)
The passage does not provide enough information to determine the scale of the reproducibility problem
Findings were confirmed in only 6 of 53 studies (11%) (correct)
Findings were confirmed in only 59% of the 271 publications surveyed

What is the primary reason for the lack of reproducibility in biomedical research, according to the passage?

Poor experimental design and reporting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key message of the passage regarding experimental design?

Experimental design is not the same as statistics, but they must be used together to obtain valid results (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'Satisfying sceptics: the devil`s advocate' section in the passage?

To highlight that experimental design and reporting is often poor, even in high-quality research (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of experimental research?

To establish cause-effect relationships (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable is hypothesized to be the causal influence in an experiment?

Independent variable (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an independent variable in an experiment?

It can be manipulated independently of other variables (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is experimental research considered more suitable for explanatory research than for descriptive research?

Because it allows for manipulation of variables to examine cause-effect relationships (A) Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment, what is the dependent variable?

The variable expected to be dependent on the manipulation of the independent variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are nuisance variables (extraneous, confounding variables) important in experimental research?

They can conceal the effect of a variable of interest and need to be controlled for in statistical analysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered plagiarism according to the Academic Integrity Policy?

Using AI to generate work when the assignment allows it (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of the research process outlined in the text?

All of the above are key components of the research process (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of experimental design?

Both a and b (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental research concept mentioned in the text?

Correlation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between internal and external validity according to the text?

Internal and external validity are distinct concepts that need to be considered (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a step in the research process outlined in the text?

Publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stopping trials early is correct?

It is ethical to stop trials early if a clear difference in efficacy is observed between interventions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting a pilot study?

To identify potential problems and deficiencies in the research design and protocol. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting a pilot study?

To test the effectiveness of the interventions being studied. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a power calculation in the context of experimental design?

To determine the minimum sample size required to detect a statistically significant difference between interventions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to perform power calculations when designing experiments?

To ensure that the study has a high probability of detecting a clinically significant difference if one exists. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about experimental design is true, according to the text?

The basics of experimental design follow a small number of simple rules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a placebo in a study?

To provide a fake treatment to control participants (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between single-blinding and double-blinding in an experiment?

Single-blinding means the participant doesn't know if they received the treatment, while double-blinding means neither the participant nor the administrator knows (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of randomization in an experiment?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of control group mentioned in the text?

Experimental control (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a positive control group in an experiment?

To apply the independent variable at a known, effective level (A) Signup and view all the answers