Academic Administration and Research

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Simon's bachelor thesis research?

Impact of pricing on consumer behavior

Online marketing strategies for established products

Purchasing decisions of young target groups (correct)

Customer loyalty incentives

Which strategy does Simon develop to enhance his research process?

Implementing a keyword search in multiple languages (correct)

Conducting field interviews with consumers

Analyzing competitors’ marketing campaigns

Attending product relaunch events

What tool does Simon use to manage his research literature?

An online spreadsheet application

A word processing software

A literature management program (correct)

A digital note-taking app

Why does Simon emphasize the importance of accuracy in his literature management?

To prevent errors and plagiarism Signup and view all the answers

What type of literature is Simon initially searching for in the library catalog?

Systematic reviews and basic literature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of plagiarism at IU?

The student is expelled from the university Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Turnitin?

To identify plagiarism in submitted work Signup and view all the answers

What is one of Simon's research questions related to marketing?

How can research findings improve marketing campaigns? Signup and view all the answers

How does Simon plan to access the academic community for his research?

Through an external university library membership Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of plagiarism?

Copying and pasting text from a website without attribution Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of literature does Simon find crucial for future access during his research?

Sorting and archiving relevant sources Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge that students face when searching for academic literature?

Understanding the complex search strategies and techniques Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is a positive outcome of the increased availability of academic texts online?

It makes it easier to identify plagiarism Signup and view all the answers

According to the University of Oxford, what is 'collusion'?

A type of plagiarism involving unauthorized collaboration on a piece of work Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the phrase 'the limits of 'yours' and 'mine' are less respected due to the low threshold of access'?

It refers to the ease with which students can access information online Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is the responsibility of the university regarding plagiarism?

To educate students about plagiarism prevention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why plagiarism is a serious concern?

It can lead to legal consequences for students Signup and view all the answers

What is the main message of the text regarding plagiarism?

Plagiarism is a serious offense that must be avoided Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bibliography in academic writing?

To list all the sources used in the research Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common feature of reference management software?

Collaboration tools for group projects Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using literature management software?

It automates the citation and bibliography process Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a citation in academic writing?

To acknowledge the intellectual property of others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of reference management software?

Automatic evaluation of source quality Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing a page number in a citation?

To allow readers to locate the cited text passage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of using a reference management program?

It makes working with academic sources easier Signup and view all the answers

What should you do when citing a source with multiple pages?

Provide a range of page numbers (e.g. pp. 24-25) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a direct and indirect quotation?

The presence of a page number Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of discovery systems?

To search multiple sources simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following databases is specifically designed for economics research?

ECONBiz Signup and view all the answers

What type of search is typically more user-friendly and intuitive?

Basic Search Signup and view all the answers

What does the Boolean search operator 'AND' achieve in search results?

Returns results that contain both search terms Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the typical content found in library catalogs?

Books and periodicals available Signup and view all the answers

How can users normally access databases through educational institutions?

Free of charge for authorized users Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does Google Scholar provide in research?

It ranks articles based on the number of citations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of keywords in library catalogs?

They help in retrieving content by describing topics Signup and view all the answers

Which component is commonly featured in advanced search functionalities?

Combination of multiple search terms Signup and view all the answers

What kind of results does the Boolean operator 'OR' yield?

Results that contain at least one of the search terms Signup and view all the answers

What are thesauri primarily used for in literature research?

To generate controlled vocabulary and related terms Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria is NOT part of the CRAAP Test for evaluating sources?

Accessibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in optimal literature management?

Recording relevant literature references Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to continually improve the search strategy while conducting literature searches?

To find relevant literature despite initial search limitations Signup and view all the answers

What role do academic supervisors play in literature research?

They offer recommendations for literature and research standards. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using software solutions for literature management?

They allow users to create custom citation styles. Signup and view all the answers

How should the citation be placed in a longer paraphrase that extends over several sentences?

Only in the first sentence. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with sources identified for inclusion in academic papers?

Scan sources for quality characteristics using established criteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to cite two authors in the text?

Use 'and' in the text, or '&' in brackets. Signup and view all the answers

What does the folder function in literature management software allow users to do?

Sort references by topic and media type. Signup and view all the answers

How should citations of several sources be arranged in a text?

Alphabetically by author. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using 'et al.' in a citation?

To avoid repeating all author names when there are more than three. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended approach when using search engines or databases for research?

Employing a broad range of search terms to enhance results Signup and view all the answers

How can the process of inserting references into a document be simplified according to the content?

Using the 'References' tab in word-processing software. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about paraphrases?

They put ideas from a source into your own words. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to provide citations for facts and figures that do not come from the literature?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

When should you provide a citation again for the same source in a longer paraphrase?

If the paraphrase continues into a new paragraph. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing initials for authors with the same last name?

To distinguish between authors with the same last name. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you are referring to two or more sources from the same author with the same publication year?

Arrange them chronologically and separate the years with a comma. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'n.d.' stand for in a citation?

Not dated. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you are quoting a person in a personal communication?

Get their permission before publishing Signup and view all the answers

Where do you cite personal communication, such as expert interviews, notes from conversations, and emails?

Only in the text Signup and view all the answers

What should you include in an appendix when conducting expert interviews?

The full transcript of the interview Signup and view all the answers

What do you do if you cannot find the name of the author of a source?

Provide the name of the organization as the author Signup and view all the answers

What do you write if you cannot identify the year of publication of a source?

'n.d.' (no date) Signup and view all the answers

How do you cite an online source?

Exactly like books or journals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a reference list?

To provide a list of all sources you cited in the text Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with lecture notes, lecture slides, webinars, etc.?

Do not use them as sources in academic work Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a participant in an expert interview does not consent to their name being used?

Anonymize their name ('Expert A') Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including a transcript of an expert interview in an appendix?

To provide a record of the interview for future reference Signup and view all the answers

What does the operator 'NOT' do in a search query?

Excludes the second term from the search results Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of truncation in search queries?

To expand search results by including variants of a term Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves starting with a known relevant source to find more literature?

Snowball search Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four main steps in the process of literature search?

Formulate an answerable question Signup and view all the answers

In databases, what is the purpose of using 'limit' options?

To restrict results based on specific criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a wildcard's role in search queries?

To replace multiple characters in a word Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used for combining terms in searches to improve specificity?

Using Boolean operators Signup and view all the answers

What should be documented during the search process for effective literature search?

The search terms and steps taken Signup and view all the answers

Which option is considered a specific way to optimize search results based on content?

Employing filter or faceting options Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider different spellings or variations in English?

To ensure all relevant literature is included Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a DOI in online referencing?

To provide a permanent and unique identifier for digital works Signup and view all the answers

When referencing a webpage in APA style, what information is essential to include if the author is unavailable?

The name of the website or the institution that publishes it Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between referencing a PDF document with a report number and a PDF without an author?

The PDF with a report number includes the report number, while the other does not Signup and view all the answers

When citing multiple pages from the same website within the same year, what is the recommended APA referencing practice?

Creating separate reference list entries for each cited page Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of referencing a source from a publication server like arXiv?

To cite the source in academic writing Signup and view all the answers

When citing a podcast episode in APA style, what information is essential to include?

The name of the podcast series Signup and view all the answers

What information is essential for citing a motion picture in APA style?

The production company Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of providing the complete URL for an online source in APA referencing?

To enable readers to easily access the source Signup and view all the answers

When referencing an online source without an author, what should be included in the reference list entry?

The name of the website or the institution that publishes it Signup and view all the answers

How should you cite a book with one author in APA style?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. Publisher. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a reference list in APA style?

To acknowledge the sources used in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct citation format for an eBook with a DOI?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. DOI. Publisher. Signup and view all the answers

How should you cite a chapter in an edited book with three or more editors?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. In initials.last name, initials.last name, & initials.last name (Eds.), Title: Subtitle (Edition [if later than the first edition]), pp. ?–?. Publisher. DOI. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct citation format for a journal article with a DOI?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. Name of journal or newspaper, volume (number or issue), first page of article-last page of article. DOI. Signup and view all the answers

How should you cite a book with 21 authors or more in APA style?

List the first 20 authors, followed by an ellipsis (...) and then the last author's name. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct citation format for a newspaper article without a DOI?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. Name of newspaper, volume (number or issue), first page of article-last page of article. URL. Signup and view all the answers

How should you cite a chapter in an edited book with one editor?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. In initials.last name (Ed.), Title: Subtitle (Edition [if later than the first edition]), pp. ?–?. Publisher. DOI. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct citation format for an eBook without a DOI?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. Publisher. URL. Signup and view all the answers

How should you cite a book with three to twenty authors?

List all authors, separated by commas, with an ampersand (&) before the last author's name. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct citation format for a journal article without a DOI?

Last name, initials (Year). Title: Subtitle. Name of journal or newspaper, volume (number or issue), first page of article-last page of article. URL. Signup and view all the answers

How did the research team address potential researcher bias in their study?

By acknowledging their privileged and oppressed identities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for quoting a source accurately?

Including any typos and grammatical mistakes. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a quotation begins or ends in the middle of a sentence?

Indicate the omission with three periods. Signup and view all the answers

How should emphasis that has been removed from a quotation be indicated?

With a bracketed note stating [emphasis removed] after the quotation. Signup and view all the answers

What does not apply when quoting from an eBook in EPUB format without stable page numbers?

Using a time stamp instead of a page number. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of quotation requires a time stamp?

A quotation from an audio book. Signup and view all the answers

Which formatting is correct when citing a quotation with additional comments?

Additional comments should be included in square brackets. Signup and view all the answers

What must always be included when quoting a source?

The specific page number or timestamp of the quote. Signup and view all the answers

What does the instruction about quotations within quotations specifically state?

They should be enclosed in single quotation marks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of footnotes in a text?

To indicate side notes or explanations not immediately relevant to the text. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an ellipsis when a quotation begins or ends mid-sentence?

The ellipsis is included at the beginning or end of the quote. Signup and view all the answers

How should the first word in a footnote be formatted?

It should start with a capital letter. Signup and view all the answers

When is it acceptable to cite a secondary source?

When you cannot access the original source. Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice regarding the use of direct quotations in writing?

Limit the number of direct quotations to maintain your own voice. Signup and view all the answers

How should a quotation longer than 40 words be formatted?

As a separate paragraph, indented without quotation marks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct method for incorporating short quotations?

Embedding within the text using quotation marks. Signup and view all the answers

What should the citation format be when referencing a secondary source?

Cite the original source followed by 'as cited in' the secondary source. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a guideline for footnotes?

They should not contain complex proof or derivation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of stringing too many quotations together in a text?

It can overshadow the author's voice and original writing. Signup and view all the answers

How are footnotes indicated in the main text?

By a superscript number. Signup and view all the answers

What order should sources be listed in when referencing multiple works by the same author?

Alphabetically by author's last name, then chronologically by publication date. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for indicating multiple publications by the same author in one year?

Use 'a', 'b', 'c' after the year. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you do not have the name of the author for a source?

Provide the title followed by the year of publication. Signup and view all the answers

How should the titles of books, journals, or newspapers be formatted in the reference list?

In italics. Signup and view all the answers

When citing a source with more than 21 authors, how should the authors be presented?

List the first 19, then use '...' and the last author's name. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate spacing and alignment for a reference list?

1.5 spaced and left aligned, with indentation from the second line. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the publication date of a source is unknown?

Indicate it with 'n.d.' for no date. Signup and view all the answers

Which punctuation is used to separate the title and subtitle in a citation?

Colon. Signup and view all the answers

What should be provided if a digital object identifier (DOI) is available for an online source?

The DOI should be included. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when a source is cited as accessed through a password-protected database?

Cite it as you would for a print version. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Academic Administration: Structure, Application, and Literature Management

Simon, an external student, uses the university library and online search portal to find literature for his bachelor thesis on why potential customers showed no interest in a newly-introduced product.
His research questions include identifying factors that positively and negatively affect purchasing decisions of young target groups and how to apply findings to a product relaunch marketing campaign.

Search Strategies

The literature search process can be divided into four main steps:
- Formulate an answerable question
- Choose a database
- Type a word or phrase into the query box
- Refine the search
Refining search techniques include:
- Replacing general terms with more specific terms
- Adding terms or combining terms with Boolean operators
- Using truncate terms or wildcards
- Using "limit" options in the database
The snowball search strategy can be used to find additional relevant literature by starting with a known relevant source and searching for sources that cited or were cited by it.

Finding Search Terms

Techniques for finding search terms include:
- Turning the topic into keywords
- Using synonyms, antonyms, and abbreviations
- Considering different spellings and formats (e.g., British vs. American English)
- Using thesauri to find related terms
- Identifying keywords from relevant literature
It is essential to evaluate search results by scanning for quality characteristics such as currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose using the CRAAP test.

Literature Management

Literature management involves storing and organizing literature in a way that allows easy access and retrieval.
Techniques for literature management include:
- Recording relevant literature and references
- Using software solutions such as citation management tools
- Creating a storage system that allows adding and organizing references
- Differentiating references by media type and sorting by topic
Citation styles can be chosen from a selection list or specifically created, and a bibliography is usually created at the end of the document.

Citation and Quotation

Citation and quotation rules vary depending on the citation style, but general rules include:
- Using direct quotations when the specific phrasing is important
- Limiting the number of quotations in the text
- Incorporating quotations into the text with quotation marks
- Formatting long quotations as indented paragraphs
- Including page numbers or timestamps for the quotation source### Chapter Overview
The chapter discusses the importance of proper citation, referencing, and plagiarism prevention in academic writing.
It provides guidelines on how to cite sources correctly, including eBooks, articles, and online sources.
The chapter also covers the importance of using literature management software and provides an overview of different software options.

Paraphrasing and Quotations

Paraphrasing is rephrasing an author's idea in your own words without using quotation marks.
A citation should be provided for facts or figures that do not come from the literature, but are from your own research.
The degree to which the paraphrase relates to your text should be clear.

APA Citation Style

Authors with the same last name should include initials to prevent confusion.
List sources in alphabetical order by author and chronologically by publication date.
One author: Last name, initials. (Year). Title: Subtitle (Edition [if later than the first edition]). Publisher. DOI (if available).
Two authors: Last name, initials., & last name, initials. (Year). Title: Subtitle (Edition [if later than the first edition]). Publisher. DOI (if available).
Three to twenty authors: Last name, initials., Last name, initials., & Last name, initials. (Year). Title: Subtitle (Edition [if later than the first edition]). DOI (if available).

Online Sources

Provide the author of the document, the year it was last updated, the title, the name of the website or institution, and the exact location (DOI or URL).
If no author is available, provide the name of the institution that publishes the work instead.
In your text, online sources are cited in the same way as print sources.

Plagiarism Prevention

Plagiarism is the copying or paraphrasing of other people's work or ideas into your own work without full acknowledgment.
Measures to prevent plagiarism include implementing rules of good academic writing, using plagiarism detection software, and developing measures to maintain academic integrity.

Database Search and Literature Management

Literature management software can help with citing sources, creating bibliographies, and collaborating on group projects.
Examples of literature management software include Bibsonomy, Citavi, CiteULike, EndNote, Mendeley, Papers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, and Zotero.
IU students and employees have access to a campus license for Citavi for Windows and training and consulting services for Zotero.### Finding Sources of Information
The internet provides many sources of information, but some require a more systematic search.
University libraries offer a range of catalogs and databases to search for relevant literature.
Discovery systems allow searching multiple sources at once.
Databases and library catalogs may have access restrictions or require a fee, but educational institutions often have licenses, allowing authorized users to access them for free.

IU Databases/Search Engines

BASE Search Engine: interdisciplinary search engine of the University of Bielefeld.
ECONBiz: research portal for economics with filter function for full texts, articles, working papers, books, and essays.
Google Scholar: advanced searches possible, displaying references, and allows conclusions about article quality.
Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog (KVK): metacatalog searching libraries, bookstores, and electronic sources.
Open-Access.net: freely accessible sources organized by subject.

Library Catalogs and Databases

Library catalogs contain books and periodicals, including some journal articles.
Database contents can be multifaceted, including full texts of journal articles, press contents, e-books, statistics, company information, and personal information.
Thematic distinctions are often present in databases.

Search Techniques

Databases require their own search language, with basic and advanced search options.
Basic Search: enter search terms and confirm.
Advanced Search: combine search terms, search in special fields, and use operators (e.g., AND, OR, NOT).
Boolean search operators: AND, OR, NOT.

Citations and References

Cite personal communication, such as interviews, emails, and internal reports, in the text, not in the reference list.
Use tables to illustrate citation examples for different sources (e.g., books, journals, online sources).
Online sources are cited like books or journals, excluding title or web address in citations.
General references to websites do not require citations or reference list entries.
Use "n.d." for unknown publication dates.

Bibliography

A reference list is essential in academic work, providing a transparent list of sources.
Each source must be accurately cited, and the reference list should enable readers to locate and check each source.

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Description

Simon is preparing for his bachelor thesis and uses university resources like libraries and online search portals to find relevant literature and systematic reviews.