Untitled Quiz

Vagrancy

Psychiatry and Psychology

False

<p>They primarily focused on isolating and separating individuals deemed 'insane' from the general population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Enlightenment led to a growing focus on reason, scientific optimism, and individual rights. This shift brought about a move towards a more humane and therapeutic approach to treating madness, with the emergence of moral treatment and the development of asylums with a therapeutic focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating individuals with dignity, kindness, and a structured environment to promote their recovery and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main criticisms were the overcrowding of asylums, a shift from therapeutic care to custodianship, and a perceived decline in the medicalization of mental illness. This led to an increasing number of individuals being confined without significant improvement or hope for recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foucault argued that individuals were labeled as mentally ill when they failed to adapt to the new social order brought about by the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. This fueled a growing emphasis on social control and the use of institutions for managing deviance rather than providing humanitarian care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a means to control and manage deviance, often reflecting changing attitudes towards mental illness and the desire to maintain social order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral treatment emphasized discipline, order, and work, encouraging patients to adhere to social norms and promote self-reliance. It aimed to provide a structured environment, promote social interaction, and focused on improving the patient's emotional and behavioral well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The connection between increased confinement and the emergence of the psychiatric profession is based on four assumptions: the role of medical superintendents in confinement, the limited influence of medical officers, the significant role of families in admission decisions, and the long periods of time individuals remained incarcerated due to the perceived incompetence of superintendents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main approaches are the organic school and psychoanalysis. The organic school views mental illness as a physical problem with biological causes, emphasizing the brain as the source of dysfunction and seeking to treat it through medical interventions. Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, focuses on the unconscious mind and its conflicts, emphasizing the importance of understanding the individual's personal history and unconscious processes in shaping their mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The eugenics movement advocated for improving the human race through selective breeding, often targeting those deemed 'unfit' for reproduction, including individuals with mental illnesses. This led to practices like forced sterilization and even genocide, highlighting the dangers of using pseudoscientific justifications to justify social control and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying biological and neurological causes of mental illness, seeking to treat them through medical interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positivism emphasizes the belief that all things can be discovered through the application of scientific methods, leading to a focus on objective observation, measurement, and classification. It emphasizes the power of science in explaining and understanding all aspects of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organic school emphasizes addressing the biological and neurological underpinnings of mental illness, focusing on medical interventions. Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, focuses on the individual's unconscious mind and its conflicts, utilizing therapeutic techniques like talk therapy to uncover and resolve these issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'happiness turn' refers to a shift within psychology towards focusing on promoting happiness and well-being through methods like mindfulness and positive psychology. However, it has been critiqued for being overly simplistic, promoting a narrow definition of happiness, and over-emphasizing individual responsibility without adequately addressing broader social and structural factors that influence well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Global Mental Health movement argues that mental illness is a significant global health issue requiring greater attention, resources, and action. They advocate for improved mental health literacy, destigmatization of mental illness, and improved access to care across the world, particularly in low-income countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The example of Latvia illustrates how the 'Global Mental Health' movement, by promoting a universal concept of depression, can inadvertently displace local understandings of mental distress, like 'nervi,' which are grounded in social and cultural contexts. This highlights the potential for the movement to erase or devalue local knowledge systems and contribute to the misdiagnosis or neglect of specific cultural expressions of distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critics argue that the 'Global Mental Health' movement is part of neoliberalism's broader spread of individualistic logic, framed as a quest for individual development, thus neglecting the broader social and structural factors that contribute to mental health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psycho-colonialism refers to the colonial practice of establishing, administering, and implementing mental health care for both colonizers and colonized populations. It involves the use of mental health disciplines to justify colonial practices, reinforce racial stereotypes, and control the behavior of the colonized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Goldwater Rule' states that psychiatrists should not offer professional opinions about individuals they have not personally examined. This rule has been debated, with proponents arguing that it protects individuals from unwarranted diagnoses and preserves the integrity of the profession. However, critics argue that the rule can be used to silence or discredit critical commentary on the mental health of public figures and hinder the public's understanding of the connections between political behavior and mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental illness is a complex issue, and while there are some individuals with mental illnesses who may be more prone to violence, it is not necessarily a direct cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text describes how the diagnosis of 'protest psychosis' shifted from being associated with petty criminals and non-violent white individuals to being associated with Black individuals exhibiting 'aggression and hostility', coinciding with the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s. This highlights how psychiatric diagnoses can be influenced by social and political contexts, reflecting biases and power dynamics within society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deinstitutionalization was a movement that aimed to close down psychiatric hospitals and transition individuals with mental illness to community-based care. However, it has been criticized for exacerbating homelessness, leading to a lack of resources for individuals with mental illness, and contributing to the 'revolving door' effect, where individuals cycle through the systems without adequate support or treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prevalence of mental illness within prisons is high due to a combination of factors, including the deinstitutionalization of many individuals with mental illness, the overrepresentation of individuals with pre-existing mental health issues in the criminal justice system, and the harsh and often inadequate conditions of incarceration. This leads to a cycle of prolonged confinement, violence, and mental health decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critics of the 'medical industrial complex' argue that it perpetuates a system of control and profit-driven care, often prioritizing profit over the well-being of individuals with mental illnesses. They argue that it can lead to unnecessary medicalization of social problems, over-reliance on medication and treatment, and a lack of focus on addressing broader societal issues that contribute to mental health challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text argues that psychology has played a significant role in shaping our understanding of gender, particularly through concepts like 'hysteria' and 'female sexual dysfunction.' These constructs have often been used to pathologize women's behavior, reinforce gender norms, and contribute to the medicalization of female experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers