Kuis Kekhalifahan Jerman: Abu Ja'far Al Mansur, Pendiri Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah

Study Notes

Abu Ja'far Al Mansur: The Founder of the Abbasid Caliphate

Abu Ja'far Al Mansur, also known as Al-Mansur, was the second Abbasid caliph and the real founder of the Arab Abbasid dynasty. He was born in 712 and became caliph in 754, succeeding his brother, Al-Saffah, who had overthrown the Umayyads. Al-Mansur's reign lasted until his death in October 775 during a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Early Life and Family

Al-Mansur was the son of a Berber slave girl called Sallama and a brother of the first Abbasid caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah. He was a great-great-grandson of Abd al-Abbas, the uncle of Muhammad, and was considered the true heir to the Prophet by the Abbasids and their supporters.

Al-Mansur's mother, Arwa, was the daughter of Mansur al-Himyari, a former Himyarite king. She had two sons, Muhammad (later Caliph al-Mahdi) and Ja'far. Arwa died in 764, and her two sons were regarded as the caliph's heirs after the removal of Isa ibn Musa as the heir.

Al-Mansur's father became caliph when Ja'far was eleven or twelve years old. After his father's death, his brother, Caliph al-Mahdi, took responsibility for his young children. Al-Mahdi later married his son and heir to Ja'far's daughter, Zubaidah.

The Establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate

Al-Mansur's reign was marked by the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was proclaimed caliph on his way to Mecca in 753 and was inaugurated the following year. Al-Mansur's reign saw the consolidation of the Abbasid dynasty and the defeat of the Umayyads.

Challenges and Revolts

During Al-Mansur's reign, there were several revolts and challenges to his rule. One of the most notable was the execution of Abu Muslim, a popular religious leader who had been instrumental in the Abbasid revolution. Al-Mansur had him assassinated in 755. This act led to widespread unrest in the province of Khorasan, with revolts led by Sunpadh, an Iranian nobleman from the House of Karen.

Al-Mansur also had to deal with the increasing power of the Abbasid general Abu Muslim, who gained popularity among the people. Fearing his influence, Al-Mansur carefully planned his assassination and had him killed in 755.

Legacy

Al-Mansur's reign was marked by both successes and challenges. He was responsible for the consolidation of the Abbasid Caliphate and the defeat of the Umayyads. However, his rule was also marked by a series of revolts and opposition, including the execution of Abu Muslim and the challenges to his succession.

Al-Mansur's reign set the stage for the Abbasid Caliphate's continued growth and expansion, laying the groundwork for the Islamic Golden Age. Despite his controversial actions, Al-Mansur remains a significant figure in Islamic history.

Description

Learn about the life and reign of Abu Ja'far Al Mansur, the second Abbasid caliph and founder of the Arab Abbasid dynasty. Discover his early life, family, and challenges during his reign that lasted from 754 to 775. Test your knowledge on his legacy and impact on the Islamic Golden Age.