Absurd Theatre Overview

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Questions and Answers

What did Alfred Jarry create, and what did it do?

Alfred Jarry created "pataphysics" which is a science of imaginary solutions.

What is Absurdism often seen as a response to?

Absurdism is often seen as a response to the terrible events of World War II and the Holocaust.

Which of the following is not a key feature of Absurd Literature?

  • Traditional Plots (correct)
  • Language Experiments
  • Tragicomedy
  • Strange Settings

The Angry Young Men movement was a group of conservative British playwrights who supported the established social order.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of Absurdist plays?

<p>Traditional storytelling with a clear beginning, middle, and end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the key figure that bridged the gap between Modernism and Postmodernism?

<p>Samuel Beckett is considered the key figure that bridged the gap between Modernism and Postmodernism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pataphysics?

<p>Pataphysics is the science of imaginary solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key theme did John Arden's Sergeant Musgrave's Dance explore?

<p>John Arden's <em>Sergeant Musgrave's Dance</em> explores themes like colonialism, wartime guilt, and pacifism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Wole Soyinka bring to African drama?

<p>Wole Soyinka brought modernist drama and Yoruba traditions to African drama.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of new brutalism and in-yer-face theatre in the 1990s?

<p>New brutalism and in-yer-face theatre focused on violence and intensity, but these labels oversimplify the deeper moral questions in the plays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Mark Ravenhill's work viewed in terms of theatre history?

<p>Mark Ravenhill's plays are considered postmodern versions of Bertolt Brecht's epic theatre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Theatre of the Absurd

A dramatic form that explores the meaninglessness of life, often through illogical events, fragmented dialogue, and bizarre situations.

Absurdist Playwrights

Playwrights who challenge traditional storytelling, experiment with language, and create unique, unsettling worlds on stage.

Dadaism

A literary and artistic movement that rejected logic and rationality, using nonsense and chaos to express the absurdity of life.

Surrealism

A literary and artistic movement that focused on freeing the imagination by exploring dreams, the unconscious mind, and free association.

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Absurdity in Literature

The idea of absurdity in literature refers to the inherent meaninglessness of life, highlighted by the playwrights' unconventional plots, language, and character interactions.

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Tragicomedy

A genre of literature that combines elements of tragedy and comedy, often creating a mix of dark humor and serious themes.

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Non-Traditional Plots (Absurd Theatre)

A type of play that challenges traditional storytelling by avoiding clear beginnings, middles, and ends. It focuses on creating a sense of unsettling ambiguity and uncertainty.

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Non-Sequiturs

A technique where playwrights use random, disconnected conversations or statements that lack a clear connection to the preceding dialogue.

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Pinteresque Dialogue

A style of writing that emphasizes ambiguity, hidden meanings, and the power of silence. The characters' words often mask a deeper truth, which the audience must decipher.

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Kafkaesque Situation

A situation that resembles the strange, illogical, and often oppressive worlds created in the works of Franz Kafka.

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Surreal Situations

Situations in literature that are dreamlike, illogical, and defy rational explanation, often blurring the boundaries between reality and fantasy.

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Ridiculous Situations

Situations in literature that are both funny and strange, often featuring exaggerated behavior or absurd occurrences.

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Expressionism

A literary movement focused on expressing inner emotions and experiences through unconventional language and imagery.

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Theatre of Cruelty

A style of theatre that uses physical movement, gestures, and ritual to explore the subconscious and evoke powerful emotional responses from the audience.

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Angry Young Men

A group of young British writers who emerged in the 1950s, known for their anger and disillusionment with traditional British society.

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Kitchen Sink Realism

The artistic style of the Angry Young Men, characterized by a focus on working-class characters facing hardship and disillusionment with post-war British society.

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Look Back in Anger

A defining play of the Angry Young Men movement, written by John Osborne in 1956, which explores themes of anger, disillusionment, and class conflict in post-war Britain.

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Encore

A British theatre magazine that championed innovative and challenging theatre, playing a key role in promoting the work of new playwrights.

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Epic Theatre

A type of theatre that focuses on using unconventional forms, language, and storytelling to engage the audience intellectually and emotionally, often featuring a strong emphasis on the audience's active participation.

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Harold Pinter

A British playwright known for his

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Tom Stoppard

A British playwright known for blending absurdism and postmodernism in his works, creating plays that explore complex themes related to time, identity, and knowledge.

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In-Yer-Face Theatre

A term used to describe a style of theatre that emerged in the 1990s, characterized by its provocative content, explicit violence, and exploration of taboo subjects.

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Mark Ravenhill

A British playwright known for his controversial and thought-provoking plays that tackle challenging themes of morality, identity, and the human condition.

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Postcolonial Drama

A style of theatre that emerged in the late 20th century, influenced by postcolonial writers and their perspectives on cultural identity, history, and colonialism.

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Derek Walcott

A Caribbean playwright and poet who explored themes of history, cultural identity, and colonialism in his work, using a blend of traditional storytelling and modern techniques.

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Wole Soyinka

A Nigerian playwright and poet, known for his work that often tackles themes of colonialism, cultural identity, and political oppression. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986

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Political Theatre

A type of theatre that prioritizes social change and activism through its content and form, often using theatre as a tool to address social and political issues.

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Contemporary British Drama

The period in the late 20th century marked by the decline of traditional theatrical forms and the rise of more experimental and diverse styles in British theatre.

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Study Notes

Absurd Theatre

  • Absurd theatre's form matches its content, connecting the idea of absurdity with a dramatic form.
  • Characters' words often don't align with actions on stage.
  • Plays lack clear narratives or recognizable characters.
  • Plays feel dreamlike or nightmarish, lacking a beginning or end.
  • Plays often lack traditional storylines and relatable characters.
  • Dialogue tends to be incoherent.
  • Oversimplification of plays is a criticism.
  • Authors like Albee have criticized the "Theatre of the Absurd" label, arguing for a more nuanced approach to analysis..
  • Absurdism is a response to the horrors of WWII and the Holocaust.
  • Plays highlight the senselessness of life.
  • Examples include Kafka's struggles, Godot in Waiting for Godot, and Pinter's plays.
  • Plays suggest that individuals can create meaning if life lacks meaning.

The Language of Absurdism

  • Absurd language reflects the idea of the word's nonsensical nature.
  • Encourage people to find meaning in life through their own interpretations.

The Origin of the Absurd

  • Questioned traditional artistic approaches.
  • Realism was popular in the early 20th century, focusing on realistic depictions of everyday life.
  • Some artists sought to delve deeper into internal human experiences and emotions.

Movements that Inspired Absurd Theatre

  • Avant-garde movements sought to go beyond realism/external representations to explore internal experiences.
    • Expressionism, Dadaism, and Surrealism were precursors.
    • These movements influenced playwrights like Ionesco and Beckett.

Defining the Absurd

  • Absurd playwrights experiment with language, deviating from traditional dialogue.
    • Example, Beckett uses disconnected conversations in Waiting for Godot.
    • Pinter utilizes pauses and everyday questions to highlight unspoken aspects.
  • Many playwrights, like Albee, Ionesco, and Pinter, were influenced by Beckett.
  • Tragicomedy: mixing elements of tragedy and comedy in a singular play.
  • Strange Situations: characters face unique, often bizarre, situations in plays. (Kafkaesque, surreal, and ridiculous situations)

Key Features of Absurd Literature

  • Language Experiments: plays challenge dialogue by using and exploring new languages forms
  • Tragicomedy: plays use elements of both tragedy and comedy.
  • Non-Traditional Plots: plays often skip exposition and use unconventional storylines.
  • Strange Settings: plays demonstrate settings that are surreal, improbable, or ridiculous.
  • Breaking Traditional Theatre Rules: plays skip exposition and have a lack of a conventional rise-and-fall structure to narratives

The Forefathers of Absurd Theatre

  • Key figures like Jarry, Kafka, and Artaud influenced the movement.
  • OBERIU (Russian poets) also had a significant impact.

Absurdism as a Bridge

  • Absurdist literature emerged as a means to express the feeling of uncertainty and confusion.
  • Absurdist plays challenged traditional realist theatrical conventions.
  • Shows a transition from Modernist to Postmodern.
  • Characteristics included fragmented narratives, multiple possible truths, and heightened irony.

Political Consciousness

  • Plays like Arden's Sergeant Musgrave's Dance used themes of colonialism, wartime guilt, pacifism
  • Playwrights like Joe Orton used dark humor.

Pinter & Stoppard

  • Pinter explored working-class anxieties and power struggles through plays like The Room and The Dumb Waiter.
  • Stoppard blended absurdism and postmodernism in plays like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead and Travesties.

Pinter & Stoppard's Influence

  • Plays like Equus and Amadeus highlighted how theatre could explore deep psychological struggles through stylized performances.

1990s Drama

  • Plays resisted easy categorization (new brutalism, in-yer-face theatre), focusing on violence, intensity, and moral ambiguity (rather than clear-cut labels).
  • Mark Ravenhill, for instance, challenged audiences through controversial plays.

Postcolonial Drama

  • Playwrights like Walcott and Soyinka explored Caribbean/African experiences, incorporating cultural elements and historical contexts.
  • Plays often grapple with colonialism's lasting impact and cultural identity.

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