Abstract Data Type Lists

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the list's tail pointer if the only node is removed?

  • It points to null. (correct)
  • It points to the head node.
  • It points to a new node.
  • It points to the removed node.

How does the algorithm update curNode's next pointer when removing a node?

  • It sets curNode's next to null.
  • It points curNode's next to the head node.
  • It points curNode's next to the tail node.
  • It points curNode's next to sucNode. (correct)

What result does the ListSearch algorithm return when a matching node is found?

  • It returns the matching node itself. (correct)
  • It returns the data of the matching node.
  • It returns the next node in the list.
  • It returns a boolean value indicating success.

When is the method ListSearch expected to return null?

<p>When no nodes contain the matching key. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be satisfied for the algorithm to remove the tail node?

<p>sucNode must be null. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result after performing 'Append(list, 44)' on the list initialized as (99, 77)?

<p>(99, 77, 44) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operation would you use to remove an item from a list?

<p>Remove (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the 'Search(list, 22)' operation return if the list contains (99, 77)?

<p>null (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'PrintReverse(list)' operation?

<p>Display the list items in reverse order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would 'IsEmpty(list)' return true?

<p>When all items are removed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of the list node data structure?

<p>It provides pointers to locate different elements in the list. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the 'Sort(list)' operation do to a list initialized with (99, 77, 44)?

<p>Rearrange the items to (44, 77, 99) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to find the total number of items in a list?

<p>GetLength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you prepend to an empty singly-linked list?

<p>The list's head and tail pointers point to the new node. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the InsertAfter operation if curNode is null?

<p>The new node becomes the new head and tail of the list. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the algorithm behave when inserting after the tail node of a non-empty list?

<p>The tail node's next pointer is updated to the new node. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the RemoveAfter operation require to work properly?

<p>A specified existing node in the list. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you are attempting to remove the head node of a singly-linked list using RemoveAfter, what should the curNode parameter be set to?

<p>Null. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when attempting to insert in the middle of a singly-linked list?

<p>The new node is linked to curNode's next node. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a special case when using RemoveAfter with a null curNode?

<p>The algorithm removes the first node. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an empty singly-linked list, what is true about the head and tail pointers after a successful prepend?

<p>Both pointers will reference the same new node. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a list data structure in relation to a linked list?

<p>It stores the list's head and tail pointers efficiently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the Append operation of a singly-linked list if the list is empty?

<p>Both the head and tail pointers are set to the new node. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time complexity for the space utilized by a linked list data structure?

<p>O(n) for the node pointers and O(1) for the structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the head and tail of a singly-linked list?

<p>The head is the first node and the tail is the last node. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'null' represent in the context of pointers in a singly-linked list?

<p>It denotes a pointer that points to nothing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Prepend operation in a singly-linked list?

<p>It adds a new node before the current head node. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Append operation differ for an empty list compared to a non-empty list?

<p>The empty list adjusts both the head and tail pointers to the new node. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'singly-linked' imply in a singly-linked list?

<p>Each node points only to the next node. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

List Abstract Data Type (ADT)

An abstract data type (ADT) that represents a collection of ordered elements. It provides operations like adding, removing, searching, and printing elements.

Linked List Data Structure

A data structure that implements a list ADT by storing both the data and pointers to the next and previous elements. It enables efficient insertion and deletion at any position.

Append

An operation on a list ADT that inserts a new element at the end of the list.

Prepend

An operation on a list ADT that inserts a new element at the beginning of the list.

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InsertAfter

An operation on a list ADT that inserts a new element after a specified element.

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Remove

An operation on a list ADT that removes a specific element from the list.

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Search

An operation on a list ADT that searches for a specific element and returns it if found, otherwise returns null.

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Print

An operation on a list ADT that prints the elements of the list in the order they are stored.

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Singly-linked List

A data structure that uses linked nodes to store a collection of data. Each node contains the data and a pointer to the next node.

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Head Node

The first node in a singly-linked list, pointed to by the 'head' pointer.

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Tail Node

The last node in a singly-linked list, pointed to by the 'tail' pointer.

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Appending a Node

The process of adding a new node to the end of a singly-linked list.

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Appending to a Non-empty List

If the list is empty, the new node becomes both the head and tail. If the list is not empty, the new node is linked to the tail node, and the tail pointer is updated.

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Prepending a Node

The process of adding a new node to the beginning of a singly-linked list.

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Prepending to a List

The new node's 'next' pointer points to the current head, and the head pointer is updated to point to the new node.

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Null

A special value that indicates a pointer points to nothing. It signifies the end of the list.

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Prepending to an empty linked list

In an empty linked list, the new node becomes both the head and tail of the list.

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Prepending to a non-empty linked list

The new node's next pointer points to the current head, and the head pointer is updated to point to the new node.

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Inserting a node after a specific node (curNode)

The new node is inserted after the specified node (curNode). If curNode is null, the new node becomes the first node in the list.

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Inserting a node after the tail node

The new node is inserted at the end of the list by updating the tail node's next pointer and the tail pointer.

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Inserting a node in the middle of a linked list

The new node's next pointer points to the node after curNode, and curNode's next pointer is updated to point to the new node.

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Removing a node after a specific node (curNode)

If curNode is null, the head node is removed by updating the head pointer to the next node. Otherwise, the node after curNode is removed by connecting curNode's next pointer to the node after the one being removed.

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Removing the head node

The head pointer is updated to point to the next node.

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Removing a node after the tail node

The node after curNode is removed by updating curNode's next pointer to point to the node after the one being removed.

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ListRemoveNodeAfter(list, curNode)

This function removes the node immediately after the specified current node in a linked list. It handles special cases like removing the head node and the tail node.

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Removing a node other than the head

Points the sucNode (successor node) to the node after curNode's next node. It then updates curNode's next pointer to point to sucNode. If sucNode is null, it indicates the tail node was removed, so the tail pointer is updated to curNode.

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ListSearch(list, key)

This function searches for a node in a linked list whose data matches the given key. It iterates through the list, comparing the key with each node's data. If a match is found, it returns that node. Otherwise, it returns null.

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The process of searching a linked list

The current node starts at the list's head node. Each iteration, the algorithm compares the current node's data with the given key. If they match, the algorithm returns the current node. Otherwise, it moves to the next node in the list. If the pointer to the current node becomes null, it indicates the end of the list and the node was not found.

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Study Notes

List Abstract Data Type (ADT)

  • Lists are common ADTs for ordered data
  • Operations include appending, removing, searching, and printing
  • Users don't need to know the internal implementation
  • Data items can be integers, strings, or objects

List Operations

  • Append(list, x): Inserts x at the end of the list
  • Prepend(list, x): Inserts x at the start of the list
  • InsertAfter(list, w, x): Inserts x after w
  • Remove(list, x): Removes x
  • Search(list, x): Returns x if found, otherwise null.
  • Print(list): Prints list items in order
  • PrintReverse(list): Prints items in reverse order
  • Sort(list): Sorts items in ascending order
  • IsEmpty(list): Returns True if the list is empty, False otherwise

List Data Structure

  • Typically uses a head and tail pointer for a linked list.
  • List node data structure is used to store the elements in the list and points to other elements
  • Optional, to keep track of the list size
  • Space complexity is O(n) without a specific list structure for the linked list

Singly-Linked Lists

  • Each node contains the data and a pointer to the next node
  • Has a head and tail pointer
  • List elements can have pointers to the next element
  • Null represents a pointer that does not point to anything

Appending a Node

  • Append operation inserts a new node after the list's tail node
  • If the list is empty, the head and tail pointers point to the new node
  • If the list isn't empty, the tail node's next pointer and the list's tail pointer point to the new node

Prepending a Node

  • Prepend operation inserts a new node before the list's head node
  • If the list is empty, the head and tail pointers point to the new node
  • If the list isn't empty, the new node's next pointer points to the head node, and then the head pointer of the list points to the new node

Inserting a Node

  • InsertAfter operation inserts a new node after a specified existing node in the list.
  • If the list is empty, inserts a new node as the first node with head and tail pointers pointing to the node.
  • If the node to insert after is the tail node, the tail node's pointer to the next insert the new node, and make the new node the new tail node.
  • If the node to insert after is not the tail node, the new node's next pointer points to the next node, and make the curNode's next pointer points to the new node.

Removing a Node

  • RemoveAfter operation removes the node after a specified existing node in the list
  • Removes the first node if the input node is null
  • If the specified node has no following node, the tail pointer should change to the previous node
  • Search(list, key) returns the first node matching the key, or null if not found
  • Starts at the head node, checks the node's data, if it doesn't match the key then move to the next node.
  • If the node is null, return null.

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