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Questions and Answers
What was one method used by Philip II of Spain to maintain control over his empire?
What was one method used by Philip II of Spain to maintain control over his empire?
- Establishment of a democratic council
- Political marriages (correct)
- Formation of alliances through trade agreements
- Promotion of local governance
Which aspect of Peter the Great's rule represented a significant shift towards Westernization?
Which aspect of Peter the Great's rule represented a significant shift towards Westernization?
- Encouragement of traditional Russian customs
- Formation of the Spanish Armada
- Construction of St. Petersburg (correct)
- Implementation of a divine right approach to governance
The Table of Ranks established by Peter the Great served what primary purpose?
The Table of Ranks established by Peter the Great served what primary purpose?
- To allow all citizens to start at the same social level and progress (correct)
- To create a hereditary system of governance
- To undermine the nobility's power in Russia
- To enforce strict tax laws across all classes
What was one economic strategy employed by Philip II to enhance Spain's wealth?
What was one economic strategy employed by Philip II to enhance Spain's wealth?
How did Peter the Great address religious governance in Russia?
How did Peter the Great address religious governance in Russia?
What cultural shift did Peter the Great enforce in Russian society?
What cultural shift did Peter the Great enforce in Russian society?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of absolutism as demonstrated by Philip II and Peter the Great?
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of absolutism as demonstrated by Philip II and Peter the Great?
What was one of Peter the Great's contributions to military modernization?
What was one of Peter the Great's contributions to military modernization?
What was one of the primary methods Louis XIV used to solidify his power?
What was one of the primary methods Louis XIV used to solidify his power?
What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes during Louis XIV's reign?
What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes during Louis XIV's reign?
Which aspect of Suleiman the Magnificent's rule helped strengthen his authority over the Ottoman Empire?
Which aspect of Suleiman the Magnificent's rule helped strengthen his authority over the Ottoman Empire?
What cultural project is Akbar the Great known for promoting during his reign over the Mughal Empire?
What cultural project is Akbar the Great known for promoting during his reign over the Mughal Empire?
How did Kangxi of the Ming Dynasty attempt to reform his government?
How did Kangxi of the Ming Dynasty attempt to reform his government?
What economic strategy did Akbar the Great use to bolster the Mughal Empire?
What economic strategy did Akbar the Great use to bolster the Mughal Empire?
Which of the following monarchs was known for instituting a merit-based system in his government?
Which of the following monarchs was known for instituting a merit-based system in his government?
What was a common strategy used by absolute monarchs to maintain power across various empires?
What was a common strategy used by absolute monarchs to maintain power across various empires?
Flashcards
Absolutism
Absolutism
A system of government where the ruler has absolute power, with no checks or balances.
Divine Right
Divine Right
Phillip II of Spain used this to justify his rule, claiming his authority came directly from God.
Table of Ranks
Table of Ranks
A system of social hierarchy in Russia where everyone starts at the bottom and can move up based on merit and service, regardless of their background.
Spanish Golden Age
Spanish Golden Age
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Westernization
Westernization
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St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg
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Peter the Great's Reforms
Peter the Great's Reforms
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Tax Reforms
Tax Reforms
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Absolute Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
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Estates General
Estates General
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Palace of Versailles
Palace of Versailles
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Kanun
Kanun
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Janissary Corps
Janissary Corps
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Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven
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Merit Based System
Merit Based System
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Study Notes
Absolutism & Absolute Monarchs
- Absolutism is a system of government where a ruler holds all power, with no checks or balances.
- Monarchs used various methods to maintain power, including:
- Divine Right: Claiming authority derived directly from God.
- Strong Military: Building powerful armies to assert control and expand territory.
- Economic Prosperity: Encouraging trade, collecting taxes efficiently, and fostering a thriving economy.
- Centralized Administration: Implementing systems for managing the empire, often through new bureaucratic structures.
- Cultural Flourishing: Sponsoring the arts, and creating a positive public image.
- Control of the Nobility Pacifying the aristocracy and keeping them from forming a unified opposition.
- Use of Propaganda/Image: Glorifying the ruler through art, ceremonies, and symbols of power.
Philip II of Spain
- Political Marriages: Used strategic marriages to consolidate power and expand influence.
- Efficient Administration: Created a system for better managing his vast empire.
- Religious Wars: Fought wars to maintain control in Europe and Spain.
- Cultural Golden Age: Supported artists, writers, and humanists, resulting in a flourishing of Spanish culture.
- Military Strength: Spain possessed one of Europe's largest militaries, including a powerful navy.
- Expansion in the New World: Exploited economic opportunities in the Americas.
Peter the Great of Russia
- Westernization: Forced western fashion, modernized the army, and introduced Western European customs/technology.
- Administrative Reforms: Established a Table of Ranks, colleges, and a more efficient tax system.
- New Capital: Built St. Petersburg as a new capital, reflecting a shift in his direction for the country.
- Military Modernization: Reformed the Russian army, adopting Western military tactics and technologies.
- Religious Changes: Reformed the Russian Orthodox Church, taking power away from the patriarch.
- Economic Development: Encouraged industrial development and fostered a more efficient tax collection system.
Louis XIV of France
- Absolute Ruler: Held all power in France with no checks or limitations.
- Divine Right: Believed his authority was ordained by God.
- "Sun King" Image: Used symbolism and imagery to project an image of absolute power.
- Palace of Versailles: Built an extravagant palace to solidify control over the nobility.
- Economic Growth (through measures like taxation and colonization): Encouraged economic expansion through various means.
Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman Empire)
- Kanun legal code: Created a legal system for administration and taxation, strengthening the empire.
- Religious Tolerance: Showed religious tolerance towards other groups, potentially aiding in the empire's stability and prosperity
- Military Strength: Conquered extensive territories including Central Europe, parts of North Africa, and Persia.
- Janissary Corps: Developed a loyal military force (Janissaries) to strengthen his authority.
- Economic Stability: Implemented tax relief measures, contributing to a period of economic strength.
Akbar the Great (Mughal Empire)
- Religious Tolerance: Promoted religious harmony within the empire.
- Military Innovations: Developed/maintained a strong military, reorganizing and expanding the army.
- Administrative Improvements: Created a system for collecting taxes more efficiently.
- Cultural/Artistic Flourishing: Encouraged cultural diversity, resulting in innovative artistic and architectural projects.
- Territorial Expansion: Significantly increased the size of the Mughal Empire.
Kangxi of the Ming Dynasty
- Scholar-Elite Recruitment: Employed educated individuals to strengthen his government, fostering more effective administration.
- Merit-Based System: Established a system of governance based on merit, assessing abilities and awarding positions
- Mandate of Heaven: Used the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize his rule and maintain stability.
- Economic & Territorial Growth: Developed a strong navy, conquered new lands (Taiwan), reduced taxes for certain areas, and reduced trade restrictions
- Foreign Exchange: Brought in Western cartographers.
Catherine the Great (Russia), Frederick the Great (Prussia), Joseph II (Austria)
- (These figures are mentioned in connection with their styles of absolutism but their unique actions/factors are mentioned earlier).
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