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Questions and Answers
Who discovered the ABO blood group system in 1901?
What is the characteristic of the A and B genes in the ABO blood group system?
What type of antibodies are found in the plasma of an individual with Group A blood?
What is the result of an incompatible transfusion?
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What is the genotype of an individual with Group AB blood?
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What is the characteristic of an individual with Group O blood?
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Study Notes
ABO Blood Grouping
History
- Discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901
- Recognized as the first human blood group system
Antigens and Antibodies
- A and B antigens: found on the surface of red blood cells
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A and B antibodies: found in the plasma of individuals who do not have the corresponding antigen on their red blood cells
- A antibodies: found in plasma of group B and AB individuals
- B antibodies: found in plasma of group A and AB individuals
Blood Groups
- Group A: A antigen on red blood cells, B antibody in plasma
- Group B: B antigen on red blood cells, A antibody in plasma
- Group AB: both A and B antigens on red blood cells, no A or B antibodies in plasma
- Group O: neither A nor B antigen on red blood cells, both A and B antibodies in plasma
Inheritance
- ** Autosomal dominant**: A and B genes are codominant, meaning both genes are expressed equally
- Genotype: AA, AO, BB, BO, AB
- Phenotype: A, B, AB, O
Transfusion Reactions
- Incompatible transfusion: transfusion of blood that contains an antigen to which the recipient has an antibody
- Hemolytic reaction: destruction of red blood cells, leading to anemia, jaundice, and kidney failure
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Description
Test your knowledge of the ABO blood group system, including its history, antigens, antibodies, blood groups, inheritance, and transfusion reactions. Understand the differences between the four blood groups and the consequences of incompatible transfusions.
