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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells?
What is the purpose of the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells?
What is the significance of the ABO blood group system?
What is the significance of the ABO blood group system?
What is the term 'Rh' derived from?
What is the term 'Rh' derived from?
What percentage of the human population has the D (Rh) antigen?
What percentage of the human population has the D (Rh) antigen?
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What is the purpose of the tube method in ABO typing?
What is the purpose of the tube method in ABO typing?
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What is the function of antigens on the surface of red blood cells?
What is the function of antigens on the surface of red blood cells?
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Who discovered the ABO blood group system?
Who discovered the ABO blood group system?
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What is the significance of the Rh blood group system?
What is the significance of the Rh blood group system?
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Study Notes
ABO Blood Group System
- Antigens on red cell membranes are unique to the individual, recognized as foreign if transfused into another individual, and promote agglutination of red cells if combined with antibody.
- Presence or absence of these antigens is used to classify blood groups.
- Major blood groups include ABO and Rh.
- ABO blood group was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 and is the most significant for transfusion practice.
- ABO blood group consists of two antigens (A and B) on the surface of RBCs and two antibodies in the plasma (anti-A and anti-B).
ABO Typing Techniques
- There are two ABO typing techniques: slide method and tube method.
- Slide method requires monoclonal Anti-A and Anti-B reagents.
Rh Blood Group System
- Rh blood group system is the second most important blood group system after ABO.
- The term Rh derives from Rhesus monkey.
- Rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and immunogenic systems.
- D (Rh) antigen is the most potent and is present on the erythrocytes of approximately 85% of the human population.
- Human red blood cells are classified as Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-) depending on the presence or absence of the D antigen.
- Other common Rh antigens include C and c, and E and e.
- Patients are not routinely typed for these antigens unless they have developed atypical antibodies or require long-term transfusion support for diseases such as myelodysplasia or sickle cell disease.
- There are more than 50 other Rh system antigens known in addition to the five principal antigens (D, C, c, E, and e).
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Description
Learn about the ABO blood group system, its discovery, and how antigens on red cell membranes determine blood groups. Understand the major blood groups and their characteristics.
