Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What is believed to have fueled the reactions that formed organic compounds on early Earth?

  • Comets
  • Lightning, sunlight, or heat from hydrothermal vents (correct)
  • Solar winds
  • Meteorite impacts
  • What kind of cells are indicated by fossils to be the first cells on Earth?

  • Prokaryotes (correct)
  • Stem cells
  • Archaea
  • Eukaryotes
  • What is the primary source of energy for anaerobic pathways?

  • Bacteria and archaea
  • Oxygen and sunlight
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Simple organic compounds and mineral ions (correct)
  • Where did the first complex biological molecules form according to one hypothesis?

    <p>Near hydrothermal vents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did cyanobacteria populations increase, leading to an increase in oxygen levels?

    <p>2.7 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the function of the clay in the tidal flats according to one hypothesis?

    <p>It bound and protected the newly forming polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of eukaryotes?

    <p>Presence of organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the scientist who first tested the hypothesis that simple compounds can form by chemical processes?

    <p>Stanley Miller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible source of simple organic compounds according to research?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells evolved into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other organelles?

    <p>Endosymbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the oldest known eukaryotic fossil?

    <p>2.1 billion years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the red alga that lived 1.2 billion years ago?

    <p>Bangiomorpha pubescens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a mitochondrion's DNA?

    <p>It has just a few genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which era did life begin to form on dry land?

    <p>Paleozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of life in the ocean disappeared at the end of the Paleozoic Era?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which era did mammals evolve adaptations to live in various environments?

    <p>Cenozoic Era</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion?

    <p>It resembles a bacterial cell's plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurred at the end of the Mesozoic Era?

    <p>A mass extinction event that wiped out over 50% of all plant and animal groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

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