Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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Questions and Answers

What is believed to have fueled the reactions that formed organic compounds on early Earth?

  • Comets
  • Lightning, sunlight, or heat from hydrothermal vents (correct)
  • Solar winds
  • Meteorite impacts

What kind of cells are indicated by fossils to be the first cells on Earth?

  • Prokaryotes (correct)
  • Stem cells
  • Archaea
  • Eukaryotes

What is the primary source of energy for anaerobic pathways?

  • Bacteria and archaea
  • Oxygen and sunlight
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Simple organic compounds and mineral ions (correct)

Where did the first complex biological molecules form according to one hypothesis?

<p>Near hydrothermal vents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did cyanobacteria populations increase, leading to an increase in oxygen levels?

<p>2.7 billion years ago (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the function of the clay in the tidal flats according to one hypothesis?

<p>It bound and protected the newly forming polymers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of eukaryotes?

<p>Presence of organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scientist who first tested the hypothesis that simple compounds can form by chemical processes?

<p>Stanley Miller (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible source of simple organic compounds according to research?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells evolved into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other organelles?

<p>Endosymbiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the oldest known eukaryotic fossil?

<p>2.1 billion years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the red alga that lived 1.2 billion years ago?

<p>Bangiomorpha pubescens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a mitochondrion's DNA?

<p>It has just a few genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which era did life begin to form on dry land?

<p>Paleozoic Era (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of life in the ocean disappeared at the end of the Paleozoic Era?

<p>95% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which era did mammals evolve adaptations to live in various environments?

<p>Cenozoic Era (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion?

<p>It resembles a bacterial cell's plasma membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurred at the end of the Mesozoic Era?

<p>A mass extinction event that wiped out over 50% of all plant and animal groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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