31 Questions
What is the age of the Earth approximately?
~ 4.55 billion years
Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of modern life as mentioned in the text?
Life is based on gaseous solutions
What is the main flow of energy in modern life as mentioned in the text?
Formation and hydrolysis of ATP bonds
Which of the following is NOT a major atom in modern life as mentioned in the text?
Helium (He)
What are ribosomes as mentioned in the text?
Sites of protein synthesis (translation)
What do modern cells frequently use for chemical reactions as mentioned in the text?
ATP
What is the process that allows for mutations in biological systems?
Descent with modification
What does the 'origin view' of life suggest?
Life is a process that can perpetuate
What is the old debate about 'simplest forms' of life?
Metabolism vs replication
What are viruses known for?
Using host cell's metabolism
What is a sign of biological carbon assimilation?
Enrichment of 12C compared to 13C in carbon deposits
What do microfossils from Australia resemble?
Filamentous cyanobacteria
What are stromatolites?
"Geological formations" built by microbial communities
What contributes to the formation of stromatolites?
"Biological activities"
"Archaean Banded Iron" is associated with which geological concept?
"Early life"
"Biological systems yield similar but not necessarily identical progeny" due to what allowance?
"Allowance for mutations"
Which of the following is NOT an essential characteristic of modern life?
Formation and hydrolysis of phosphate bonds (ATP)
What is the main flow of energy in modern life as mentioned in the text?
Formation and hydrolysis of phosphate bonds (ATP)
What contributes to the formation of stromatolites as mentioned in the text?
Chemical reactions inside cell frequently use catalysts (enzymes)
What are ribosomes as mentioned in the text?
Sites of protein synthesis (translation)
What do modern cells frequently use for chemical reactions as mentioned in the text?
Catalysts (enzymes)
What does the 'origin view' of life suggest according to the text?
Genetic takeover and the RNA world
What is the main difference between the 'origin view' of life and the modern biological view of life?
The 'origin view' focuses on the role of metabolism, while the modern biological view focuses on the role of replication.
What is a possible explanation for the controversial nature of microfossils?
They are often mistaken for geological formations that resemble them.
Which statement best describes the formation of stromatolites?
They are layered aggregations formed by trapping, binding, and cementation of sedimentary materials driven by metabolic activities.
What is a distinguishing feature of viruses in relation to their interaction with host cells?
They utilize host cells' metabolism for replication but do not affect the host cells.
What is the primary evidence for 'early life' mentioned in the text?
.Discovery of microfossils resembling cyanobacteria.
What is the main factor contributing to the conservative nature of biochemical evolution mentioned in the text?
The universal genetic code and translation mechanism shared by DNA and RNA.
What distinguishes 'abiotic replicators' from 'simple genetic replicators'?
.Abiotic replicators include crystals and clay, while simple genetic replicators primarily involve nucleic acids.
What kind of organisms can exist if the environment provides 'metabolism/resources' as mentioned in the text?
Replicators utilizing host cells' metabolism for perpetuation
What does the 'descend with modification' concept emphasize in relation to evolution?
Biological systems yielding similar but not necessarily identical progeny due to allow mutations
Test your knowledge on the concepts of abiogenesis and prebiotic chemistry. Explore the generation of bio-molecules in the absence of life and the origins of building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Understand the transition from abiotic to biotic 'world' and the age of Earth in relation to the origin of life.
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