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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the thin, hypoechoic band that anchors the diaphragm to the spine and joins in midline?
What is the name of the thin, hypoechoic band that anchors the diaphragm to the spine and joins in midline?
What is the appearance of fat on ultrasound, depending on its water content?
What is the appearance of fat on ultrasound, depending on its water content?
What is the name of the artifact that appears as a duplicated structure in the abdomen or pelvis?
What is the name of the artifact that appears as a duplicated structure in the abdomen or pelvis?
What is the shape of the diaphragm on ultrasound?
What is the shape of the diaphragm on ultrasound?
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What is the name of the structure that covers the rectus abdominis muscle?
What is the name of the structure that covers the rectus abdominis muscle?
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What is the echogenicity of the diaphragm on ultrasound?
What is the echogenicity of the diaphragm on ultrasound?
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What is the name of the artifact that appears as a second thin echogenic line superior to the diaphragm/lung interface?
What is the name of the artifact that appears as a second thin echogenic line superior to the diaphragm/lung interface?
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What is the name of the muscle that runs down the midline from the thorax to the pubis?
What is the name of the muscle that runs down the midline from the thorax to the pubis?
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What is the name of the tough band of connective tissue in the midline?
What is the name of the tough band of connective tissue in the midline?
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What is the name of the structure that is formed by the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles?
What is the name of the structure that is formed by the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles?
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Study Notes
Abdominal Quadrants and Regions
- The left lower quadrant contains the left ureter and reproductive organs
- The four abdominal quadrants contain portions of the small and large intestines
- The right hypochondriac region contains the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and portions of the small and large intestine
- The epigastric region contains portions of the liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, and adrenal glands
- The left hypochondriac region contains the spleen, large/small intestines, left kidney, pancreas, stomach, and tip of the liver
- The right lumbar region contains portions of the ascending colon, small intestine, and right kidney
- The umbilical region contains the duodenum, small intestine, and transverse colon
- The left lumbar region contains parts of the descending colon, small intestine, and left kidney
- The right iliac region contains the appendix, cecum, ascending colon, and small intestine
- The hypogastric region contains the bladder, portions of the sigmoid colon, small intestine, and reproductive organs
- The left iliac region contains parts of the sigmoid colon, descending colon and small intestine
Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Also known as the peritoneal cavity
- Lined by the peritoneal membrane/peritoneum
- Located in the abdominal cavity and pelvis
- Bordered by muscles and bones
- Superior border - Diaphragm
- Inferior border - Pelvic Floor
- Posterior - spine, muscles
- Anterior - abdominal wall
Peritoneal Cavity
- Parietal peritoneum forms a closed sac
- Visceral peritoneum covers the organs
- Intraperitoneal organs: liver (except the bare area), gallbladder, spleen, stomach, transverse colon, small bowel, ovaries (in females), and fallopian tubes (in females)
- Retroperitoneal organs: great vessels (aorta and inferior vena cava), pancreas, kidneys, urinary bladder, rectum, and majority of duodenum
Organs and Ligaments
- Ligaments and mesentery hold organs in place
- Greater omentum attaches the stomach to adjacent abdominal organs
- Lesser omentum attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the porta hepatis
- Double layer of peritoneum that extends from the stomach to adjacent abdominal organs
Abdominal Wall and Muscles
- Muscles: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and rectus abdominis
- Anterior border: laterally - 3 muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis), medially - rectus abdominis
- Aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles form the rectus sheath
- Linea alba: tough band of connective tissue in midline
- Sonographic appearance of muscle: medium level echogenicity, may see high echogenicity fibrous strands within
Diaphragm
- Shape: curvilinear or dome-shaped
- Contour: smooth
- Echogenicity: muscles of diaphragm seen as thin, hypoechoic band
- Interface between liver (or spleen) appears as a thin echogenic line
- Interface between diaphragm and lung thicker echogenic line
- Crura anchor the diaphragm to the spine and join in midline
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Description
This quiz covers the four abdominal quadrants and regions, including the left lower quadrant, right hypochondriac region, and epigastric region, and their corresponding organs and structures.
