Abdominal Examination in Pregnancy
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Questions and Answers

What does the fetal back feel like during examination?

  • Jittery and warm
  • Firm and smooth (correct)
  • Soft and irregular
  • Cold and wrinkled

Which fetal part is primarily assessed in the third maneuver, Pawlick's Grip?

  • Fetal head (correct)
  • Fetal back
  • Fetal feet
  • Fetal hips

What is the primary purpose of the fourth maneuver, the Pelvic Grip?

  • To measure uterine contractions
  • To assess fetal heart rate
  • To locate the fetus' brow (correct)
  • To determine fetal size

Why is the Pawlick's Grip less favored compared to a two-handed approach?

<p>It causes discomfort to the woman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resistance during the fourth maneuver indicate?

<p>The brow is located on the side of resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of abdominal examination during pregnancy?

<p>To confirm pregnancy and assess fetal condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the mother to empty her bladder before an abdominal examination?

<p>To minimize discomfort and improve measurement accuracy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of equipment is specifically used to auscultate fetal heart sounds?

<p>Pinard fetoscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a mother during an abdominal examination?

<p>Supine, with knees slightly flexed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should be respected to aid in the mother's relaxation during the examination?

<p>Her privacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves visually observing the abdomen for shape and size?

<p>Inspection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of exposing only the area of the abdomen that needs to be palpated?

<p>It maintains the mother's comfort and privacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed when inspecting the abdomen during the examination?

<p>Shape and size relative to gestational age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of assessing the presentation and position of the fetus?

<p>To determine the presentation and position of the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in preparing the woman for the assessment?

<p>Instruct her to drink water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the health care provider do when performing the first maneuver (fundal grip)?

<p>Gently place both hands flat on the abdomen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a hard smooth, round pole indicate during the first Leopold maneuver?

<p>Fetal head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second maneuver (Umbilical Grip)?

<p>To determine the location of the fetal back (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct position for the woman during the assessment?

<p>Lying on her back with knees flexed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes the relationship between the longitudinal axis of the fetus and mother?

<p>Fetal lie (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the fundal level determined during abdominal palpation?

<p>By measuring centimeters from the pubic bone to the fundus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the third Leopold maneuver, also known as Pawlik's grip?

<p>To determine the presenting part of the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to wash hands with warm water before the procedure?

<p>To reduce the risk of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about striae gravidarum is correct?

<p>They are caused by skin over-stretching. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indicated distance correlation for measuring fundal height?

<p>It correlates with the current weeks of pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the linea negra indicate during a pregnancy examination?

<p>Skin pigmentation changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the usual presentations of the fetus in the womb?

<p>Longitudinal and transverse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of palpation during prenatal examinations?

<p>Breech grip (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using Leopold's maneuvers during pregnancy examinations?

<p>To determine fetal position and lie (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of identifying the cephalic prominence during the pelvic grip maneuver?

<p>It assists in assessing the attitude of the fetal head. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the fetal head considered to be engaged during the pelvic grip maneuver?

<p>When the widest transverse diameter has passed through the pelvic inlet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the fetal head’s attitude identified if the cephalic prominence is on the opposite side of the fetal back?

<p>The fetal head is well flexed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if the examiner's hands reach the fetal head equally on both sides during the pelvic grip?

<p>The fetal head is deflexed (military position). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best position to auscultate the fetal heart using a fetal stethoscope?

<p>Over the fetal back, closer to the cephalic pole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an examiner palpates only 2/5 of the fetal head, what does this indicate about the fetal head's position?

<p>The fetal head is completely engaged in the pelvis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal fetal heart rate range during auscultation?

<p>110 to 160 beats per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the pelvic grip maneuver, if a healthcare provider can feel 3/5 of the fetal head, what does that indicate?

<p>Most of the fetal head remains above the pelvic inlet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Abdominal Examination

A visual, tactile, and/or audible examination of the pregnant woman's abdomen, used to assess pregnancy, fetal size, location, heart sounds, and identify abnormalities.

Preparation of Mother (Abdominal Exam)

Steps to prepare the pregnant woman for a comfortable and accurate abdominal examination, including emptying her bladder, positioning her comfortably (supine with knees slightly flexed), maintaining privacy, and exposing only the necessary area of the abdomen.

Inspection (Abdominal Exam)

Visually observing the shape and size of the abdomen, comparing it to the pregnancy duration. This helps to gain initial information about the uterus/pregnancy development

Palpation (Abdominal Exam)

Touching the abdomen to evaluate fetal size, location, and any abnormalities. Part of a complete physical examination.

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Auscultation (Abdominal Exam)

Listening to the pregnant abdomen, typically using a fetoscope, to detect fetal heart sounds. Identifying the location of the heart sound is another key purpose.

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Empty Bladder

Ensuring the woman's bladder is empty before the exam to avoid discomfort and for accurate fundal height measurements.

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Supine Position

Laying on the back, with knees slightly flexed, during the abdominal exam to relax abdominal muscles and prevent supine hypotension (low blood pressure).

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Privacy

Ensuring privacy during the exam is essential for relaxation of the abdominal muscles and comfort during the exam. Prevents discomfort, enabling better cooperation.

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Fetal Lie

The relationship between the fetus's and mother's long axes.

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Longitudinal Lie

Fetus lies lengthwise, parallel to the mother's long axis.

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Transverse Lie

Fetus lies across the mother's long axis.

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Oblique Lie

Fetus lies at an angle to the mother's long axis.

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Leopold's Maneuvers

A series of four palpations to determine fetal position.

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Presenting Part

The lowest part of the fetus at the pelvis inlet.

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Linea Negra

A dark brown line from the umbilicus to the pubic symphysis.

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Striae Gravidarum

Silver/red stretch marks, typically on abdomen, breasts, thighs, and buttocks.

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Objective of Leopold's Maneuvers

The primary goal is to assess fetal presentation, position, and engagement, and to identify the location of fetal heart sounds.

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First Maneuver: Fundal Grip

The first step involves identifying the fetal lie and presentation by palpating the fundal region of the uterus.

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Second Maneuver: Umbilical Grip

This step aims to determine the fetal back by palpating the sides of the uterus, feeling for a smooth, hard surface.

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Third Maneuver: Pawlik's Grip

This maneuver helps determine the fetal presentation and engagement by palpating the lower abdomen, checking for the presenting part.

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Fourth Maneuver: Pelvic Grip

The final step focuses on assessing the descent of the fetal head and engagement by palpating the fetal brow and determining its mobility.

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Dorsal Recumbent Position

Having the pregnant woman lie flat on her back with her knees slightly flexed, to relax her abdomen for the examination.

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Empty Bladder Before Leopold's Maneuvers

Ensuring the woman's bladder is empty before the exam allows for accurate fundal height measurement and reduces discomfort.

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Fetal Back

The smooth, firm part of the fetus, usually found on the back of the mother's abdomen. It connects to the fetal head and the buttocks.

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Fetal Extremities

The arms, legs, and other appendages of the fetus, which feel like small irregularities during a palpation.

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Pawlick's Grip

A method to palpate the fetal presenting part above the pelvic inlet, where the health care provider grasps the lower abdomen just above the pubic bone.

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Two-Handed Approach

A method alternative to Pawlick's Grip, placing the fingers of both hands laterally on either side of the presenting part to determine its location.

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Pelvic Grip

The fourth Leopold maneuver, locating the fetal brow by gently moving the fingers down the sides of the uterus towards the pubis. The side with the most resistance indicates the brow location.

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Cephalic Prominence

The point on the fetal head that is first touched during the fourth maneuver, indicating the degree of flexion of the fetal head.

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Fetal Head Flexion

The degree to which the fetal head is bent forward, affecting the fetal position and delivery.

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Fetal Head Extension

The degree to which the fetal head is tilted back, potentially posing a delivery challenge.

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Fetal Head Deflection

A slightly extended fetal head position, which is not optimal for birth but doesn't hinder it as much as complete extension.

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Engagement of the fetal head?

Has the widest part of the fetal head passed through the pelvic inlet into the true pelvis?

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Engagement of the fetal head

The widest part of the fetal head has entered the true pelvis.

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Fetal Heart Auscultation

Listening to the fetal heartbeat using a stethoscope or doppler machine.

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Normal Fetal Heart Rate

The expected range for a healthy fetal heartbeat, between 110 and 160 beats per minute.

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Study Notes

Abdominal Examination

  • Definition: Visual, tactile, and/or audible examination of the woman's abdomen.
  • Objectives:
    • Confirm pregnancy
    • Assess fetal size and growth
    • Identify fetal parts' location
    • Auscultate fetal heart sounds
    • Detect deviations from normal
  • Equipment:
    • Pinard fetoscope or sonic fetal heart sound device
    • Client record
  • Mother Preparation:
    • Empty bladder (full bladder makes exam uncomfortable and inaccurate fundal height measurements)
    • Lie in supine position (relaxes abdominal muscles)
    • Expose only the area needing palpation
    • Maintain privacy (for relaxation and comfort)
    • Pillows under shoulders and knees drawn slightly up
  • Examination Methods:
    • Inspection: Observe abdomen's shape, size, skin conditions (scars, linea nigra, striae gravidarum), and fetal movements
    • Palpation: (using Leopold's maneuvers) Examine fundal, lateral, and pelvic regions to determine fetal lie, presentation, and engagement
    • Auscultation: Listen for fetal heart sounds using a fetoscope or doppler (110-160 bpm normal). Best location over the fetal back, closer to the cephalic pole.

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Related Documents

Abdomen Examination PDF

Description

This quiz covers the critical aspects of abdominal examination during pregnancy. It highlights objectives, equipment needed, preparation for the mother, and examination methods such as inspection and palpation. Perfect for students in obstetrics or nursing programs.

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