Abdominal Dissection 1

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Questions and Answers

What structure needs to be cut near the abdominal wall to reflect the thoracoabdominal wall?

Lesser omentum

Round ligament of the liver (correct)

Falciform ligament (correct)

Falx cerebri

Which artery is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

Aorta

External iliac artery (correct)

Internal thoracic artery

Femoral artery

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the peritoneal cavity?

Visceral peritoneum

Falciform ligament (correct)

Lesser omentum

Greater omentum

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

To separate the stomach from the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Where can the spleen be found during an abdominal examination?

Under the left side of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is closest to the esophagus?

Cardia Signup and view all the answers

What does the portal triad consist of?

Bile duct, proper hepatic artery, and portal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which curvature of the stomach is oriented towards the liver?

Lesser curvature Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after cleaning the bile duct proximally?

Follow the bile duct distally to its terminus in the duodenum. Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are revealed after cleaning the proper hepatic artery proximally?

Common hepatic artery, right gastric artery, and gastroduodenal artery. Signup and view all the answers

What follows the identification of the splenic artery during dissection?

Following the splenic artery as it passes posterior to the stomach to the spleen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pushing the jejunum and ileum to the right during dissection?

To identify the mesentery clearly. Signup and view all the answers

Where should one palpate to find the superior mesenteric artery and vein?

At the root of the mesentery near the duodenum. Signup and view all the answers

During dissection, what should be cleaned to follow the superior mesenteric artery back to the aorta?

The mesentery and peritoneum. Signup and view all the answers

What structure should be identified when examining the transverse colon?

Teniae coli and haustra. Signup and view all the answers

What should happen to the greater omentum during dissection?

It should be turned superiorly over the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abdominal Dissection Overview

Reflect thoracic wall by making lateral cuts along ribs and the upper abdominal wall.
Extend cuts towards anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS), avoiding damage to underlying organs.
Reflect entire thoracoabdominal wall inferiorly to expose the abdominal cavity; cut falciform and round ligament of liver if needed.

Examining the Anterior Abdominal Wall

Identify the arcuate line and transversalis fascia.
Locate inferior epigastric artery, which arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery.

Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal Viscera

Recognize components of the peritoneal cavity: parietal and visceral peritoneum, greater omentum, and lesser omentum.
Identify major organs: liver, stomach, and gall bladder; may require retraction of liver’s inferior border.

Stomach Anatomy

Locate the following features on the stomach:
- Greater curvature and lesser curvature
- Body, fundus, cardia, and pylorus
- Abdominal esophagus enters stomach at cardia.
- Find proximal duodenum distal to the pylorus, separated by the pyloric sphincter.

Liver Anatomy

Identify structures of the liver:
- Right and left lobes
- Falciform ligament and ligamentum teres (round ligament of liver)
Lesser omentum connects liver to lesser curvature of the stomach.
Use closed-open technique to expose portal triad: bile duct, proper hepatic artery, and portal vein.
Clean bile duct to identify cystic duct and hepatic duct, tracing to the duodenum.
Clean proper hepatic artery to see branches: common hepatic artery, right gastric artery, and gastroduodenal artery.
Trace splenic artery to the spleen, noting its relationship to the pancreas and the head’s position relative to descending duodenum.

Intestinal Structures

Turn greater omentum over the stomach to view large and small intestines.
Trace digestive tract from stomach through:
- Duodenum → jejunum → ileum → ileocecal junction → cecum → ascending colon → right colic flexure → transverse colon → left colic flexure → descending colon → sigmoid colon.
Recognize haustra and teniae coli along the colon.
Detach transverse colon from greater omentum, preserving attachment to stomach.
Shift jejunum and ileum to the right; locate the mesentery.
Palpate root of the mesentery for superior mesenteric artery and vein using the closed-open technique to reveal their courses to the aorta.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the techniques and considerations involved in abdominal dissection, particularly the reflection of the abdominal wall. You'll explore the proper methods to make incisions and the precautions necessary to avoid damaging underlying organs. Understand the anatomical landmarks and dissection protocols that are essential for safe surgical practices.