Abdominal Anatomy and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which artery supplies the descending colon and sigmoid colon?

  • Superior Mesenteric Artery
  • Inferior Mesenteric Artery (correct)
  • Celiac trunk
  • Common Hepatic Artery

What is the primary function of the splenic vein in the abdominal vascular system?

  • Draining the small intestine
  • Supplying blood to the liver
  • Filtering blood from the kidneys
  • Transporting blood from the stomach and pancreas (correct)

Which structure is primarily involved in the bulk flow of air during inspiration?

  • Transversus Abdominis
  • Diaphragm (correct)
  • Rectus Abdominis
  • Internal intercostals

What remains undrained by the Superior Mesenteric Vein?

<p>Left one third of the transverse colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is responsible for carrying fine touch and vibration sensations?

<p>Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which abdominal organs drain into the hepatic portal vein?

<p>Spleen and pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the functions of the liver is correct?

<p>The liver filters blood coming from the gastrointestinal tract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which spinal levels is sensation in the abdominal region primarily registered?

<p>T6-T1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle layer of the stomach is the outermost layer responsible for the overall contraction of the stomach?

<p>Longitudinal Muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circular muscle layer in the stomach?

<p>To mix food with gastric juices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is associated with the erector spinae and is important for maintaining posture?

<p>Thoracolumbar fascia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm in the context of the abdominal wall?

<p>To separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aperture of the diaphragm allows passage for the esophagus and vagus nerves?

<p>Esophageal opening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the abdominal part of the aorta?

<p>To supply blood to the lower extremities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists in forced expiration by compressing the abdominal contents?

<p>Transverse Abdominis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rectus sheath?

<p>To allow the interaction of abdominal muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pyloric canal and cardia in the stomach?

<p>Control the flow of gastric contents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of the large intestine?

<p>It contains haustra for waste storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the liver play in the digestive system?

<p>Processes nutrients and removes toxins from blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the peritoneal cavity?

<p>It serves as a potential space that contains peritoneal fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do the ureters serve in the urinary system?

<p>Facilitate urine transport from kidneys to bladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature separates the abdominal cavity into superior and inferior components?

<p>Transverse mesocolon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the kidneys?

<p>Maintain electrolyte balance and regulate blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the longitudinal muscle layers in the small intestine primarily function?

<p>For peristalsis during digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pyloric canal and cardia

Structures in the stomach that prevent backward flow (retrograde) of food.

Small intestine peristalsis

Movement of food along the small intestine by muscular contractions.

Tenia Coli

Three bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine, aiding peristalsis.

Ureter peristalsis

Muscle contractions in the ureters that move urine from kidneys to bladder.

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Detrusor muscle

Muscle in the bladder that contracts during urination.

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Kidney's role in fluid balance

Kidneys maintain proper levels of fluids and electrolytes, affecting nutrient, oxygen delivery, and waste removal.

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Liver's role in processing nutrients

Liver processes nutrients absorbed in the intestines, removes toxins and produces bile.

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Kidney's blood pressure regulation

Kidneys manage blood volume, vessels constriction and dilation through hormones like renin and aldosterone.

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Celiac Trunk

The main artery supplying the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and parts of the stomach. It branches into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

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Superior Mesenteric Artery

The artery supplying the small intestine (except proximal duodenum), cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the first part of the transverse colon. It is also known as the 'right side' artery.

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Inferior Mesenteric Artery

The artery supplying the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It is considered the 'left side' artery.

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Hepatic Portal Vein

The vein that carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for filtering before returning to the heart.

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Superior Mesenteric Vein

The vein that collects blood from the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, right two-thirds of the transverse colon, parts of the pancreas and duodenum. It drains into the hepatic portal vein.

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Inferior Mesenteric Vein

The vein that collects blood from the left one-third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It typically drains into the splenic vein.

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Spinothalamic Pathway

Carries pain, temperature, and crude touch sensations from the abdomen to the brain.

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Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway

Carries fine touch, vibration, pressure, and proprioception sensations from the abdomen to the brain.

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Anterior/Medial Corticospinal Tract

A pathway in the spinal cord responsible for voluntary control of proximal muscles like shoulders and trunk, posture, and balance. It crosses over to the opposite side of the body at the spinal cord level.

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Cerebellum's Role in Movement

The cerebellum helps ensure movement is smooth, coordinated, and timed correctly. It's especially important for abdominal movement.

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Basal Ganglia's Role in Movement

A group of brain structures that control the initiation (Go), termination (Stop), and inhibition (No-Go) of movement. They also play a role in posture.

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External Oblique Muscle Function

This abdominal muscle helps to flex the trunk forward when contracted on both sides. One-sided contraction flexes the same side and rotates the trunk to the opposite side. It also aids in forced expiration and abdominal pressure.

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Internal Oblique Muscle Function

This abdominal muscle helps to flex the trunk forward when contracted on both sides. One-sided contraction rotates the trunk towards the same side. It also aids in abdominal pressure.

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Transversus Abdominis Muscle Function

This muscle's main function is compressing abdominal contents and increasing pressure. It also helps stabilize the spine and aids in forced expiration.

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Rectus Abdominis Muscle Function

This muscle flexes the vertebral column (bending forward) and aids in forced expiration and increasing abdominal pressure.

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Diaphragm Function

This dome-shaped muscle acts as the superior border of the posterior abdominal wall. It separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. Its three openings allow the passage of the inferior vena cava, esophagus, and aorta.

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Study Notes

Transversus Abdominis

  • Internal intercostals
  • Which comes first during inspiration, the expansion of the chest followed by bulk flow of air or bulk flow of air followed by expansion of the chest?
    • Expansion of the chest followed by the bulk flow of air

Abdominal Region, Metabolism, & Systems

Arterial supply to abdominal organs/intestines

  • Celiac trunk (T12)
    • Left gastric artery: To the stomach
    • Splenic artery: Supplies the spleen, pancreas, parts of stomach
    • Common Hepatic Artery: Supplies liver, gallbladder, pancreas, parts of stomach
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery (L1)
    • Supplies the right side: Small intestine (except the proximal duodenum), cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the first part of the transverse colon
  • Inferior Mesenteric Artery (L3)
    • Supplies the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Venous return from abdominal organs/intestines

  • Blood from abdominal organs travels to the liver for filtering before returning to the heart.
  • Superior Mesenteric Vein
    • Small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, right two thirds of the transverse colon, parts of the pancreas and duodenum
  • Inferior Mesenteric Vein
    • Left one third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and the rectum. Typically drains into the splenic vein
  • Splenic vein
    • Drains the spleen, pancreas, and parts of the stomach; combines with the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein
  • Left gastric vein: stomach, connects to splenic vein
  • Right Gastric Vein: Right side of the stomach, into the portal vein directly

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IFS 2 Unit 2 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the transversus abdominis, arterial supply to abdominal organs, and venous return mechanisms. This quiz covers essential concepts related to abdominal anatomy, as well as the metabolic processes involved. Perfect for students studying abdominal systems in health and medicine.

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