15 Questions
What was the duration of Umayyad rule from 661 A.D. to 750 A.D.?
90 years
What led to violent revolts against the Umayyad rule at Palestine and Hims?
Unequal treatment of the Arabs
What was the result of the continual struggle between the Mudarites and Himayarites?
Weakened the strength of the empire
Why were non-Arabian and Persian Muslims dissatisfied with the Umayyad rule?
They were reduced to the position of clients
What was the expectation of non-Arabian and Persian Muslims in terms of social and economic status?
They expected equality with Arabian Muslims
What was one of the factors contributing to the consciousness of non-Arabian and Persian Muslims?
Representing a higher and more ancient culture
Who is considered the founder of the Abbasid dynasty?
Abu Saffah
Which city was made the new capital after the Abbasid revolution?
Al-Kufah
Who was defeated by Abu Muslim at Nasabin?
Abdullah
Who was treacherously put to death while having an audience with the Caliphal court?
Sunbad
Who ruthlessly crushed the revolt of the disgruntled Shi’ah, headed by Ibrahim and Muhammad?
Al-Mansur
Where was Muhammad killed and gibbeted?
Al-Madina
Who became active after the Abbasid revolution?
The Khurasanians
Who formed the caliphal bodyguard after the Abbasid revolution?
The Khurasanians
Who was replaced by a hierarchy of officers drawn from different nationalities under the caliphate?
The original Arabian moslems
Study Notes
Umayyad Rule and its Downfall
- The Umayyad rule lasted from 661 AD to 750 AD.
- Violent revolts against the Umayyad rule broke out in Palestine and Hims due to the discriminatory policies of the Umayyad caliphs.
Rivalries and Dissatisfaction
- The continual struggle between the Mudarites and Himayarites led to further instability and dissatisfaction.
- Non-Arabian and Persian Muslims were dissatisfied with the Umayyad rule because they were denied equal social and economic status.
- They expected to be treated as equals, but were instead discriminated against.
Factors Contributing to Consciousness
- One of the factors contributing to the consciousness of non-Arabian and Persian Muslims was the unequal treatment by the Umayyad rulers.
Abbasid Dynasty
- Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah is considered the founder of the Abbasid dynasty.
- After the Abbasid revolution, the new capital was established in Baghdad.
Key Events and Figures
- Abu Muslim defeated Marwan II at Nasabin.
- Ibrahim, the leader of the disgruntled Shi’ah, was killed and gibbeted in Baghdad.
- Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah ruthlessly crushed the revolt of the disgruntled Shi’ah.
- The Abbasid revolution led to the emergence of a new class of theologians and scholars.
Changes in the Caliphate
- After the Abbasid revolution, the Turkish bodyguard was replaced by a hierarchy of officers drawn from different nationalities under the caliphate.
- The Abbasid caliphs formed a new caliphal bodyguard.
Test your knowledge on the rise and socio-economic structure of the Abbasids and the Umayyad State. Explore the events and key figures that shaped this significant period in Islamic history.
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