आर्थिक विज्ञान की परिभाषा

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Questions and Answers

आर्थिक विकास में योगदान देने वाले कौन से कारक सही हैं?

प्रौद्योगिकी उन्नति (correct)

मानव पूंजी विकास (correct)

अपर्याप्त बुनियादी ढाँचा

राजनीतिक स्थिरता

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा लाभ केवल जीडीपी से नहीं मापा जाता है?

राज्य के भीतर वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का कुल मूल्य

बेरोजगारी का प्रतिशत

सामान्य कीमतों में वृद्धि

देश के नागरिकों द्वारा उत्पादित सभी वस्तुओं का बाजार मूल्य (correct)

किस आर्थिक सिद्धांत का मुख्य ध्यान मनी सप्लाई को नियंत्रित करने पर है?

मौद्रिकता (correct)

केन्सियन अर्थशास्त्र

क्लासिकल अर्थशास्त्र

नया क्लासिकल अर्थशास्त्र

कैसे की मौद्रिक नीति आर्थिक विकास को प्रभावित करती है?

ब्याज दरों और मनी सप्लाई को समायोजित करना Signup and view all the answers

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कारक आर्थिक विकास में बाधा डालता है?

राजनीतिक अस्थिरता Signup and view all the answers

अर्थशास्त्र का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

असीमित इच्छाओं को संतुष्ट करने के लिए संसाधनों का आवंटन समझना Signup and view all the answers

सूक्ष्म अर्थशास्त्र का मुख्य फोकस क्या है?

व्यक्तिगत एजेंटों के व्यवहार का अध्ययन Signup and view all the answers

अवसर लागत किसे दर्शाती है?

किसी विकल्प के लिए चयनित दूसरे सर्वश्रेष्ठ विकल्प का मूल्य Signup and view all the answers

मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था का मुख्य विशेषता क्या है?

केंद्रीकृत नियोजन और मुक्त बाजार के तत्वों का संयोजन Signup and view all the answers

सप्लाई और डिमांड का मुख्य सिद्धांत क्या है?

खरिददाताओं और विक्रेताओं के बीच इंटरएक्शन को समझना Signup and view all the answers

उत्पादकता किसे मापती है?

उत्पादन में संसाधनों का उपयोग Signup and view all the answers

आर्थिक विकास की परिभाषा क्या है?

GDP में वृद्धि Signup and view all the answers

किस प्रकार के अर्थव्यवस्था में सरकार उत्पादन के सभी कारकों को नियंत्रित करती है?

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Study Notes

Defining Economics

Economics is the social science that studies how societies allocate scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs.
It examines the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Key concepts include scarcity, choice, opportunity cost, and efficiency.

Branches of Economics

Microeconomics: Focuses on the behavior of individual agents, such as households and firms, in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources.
Macroeconomics: Examines the aggregate behavior of the entire economy, including issues such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
Econometrics: Uses statistical methods to analyze economic data and test economic theories.
Development Economics: Studies economic issues in developing countries, focusing on poverty reduction, economic growth, and sustainable development.

Fundamental Economic Concepts

Scarcity: The fundamental economic problem of unlimited wants and needs exceeding the available resources.
Opportunity cost: The value of the next best alternative foregone when a choice is made.
Supply and demand: The interaction of buyers (demand) and sellers (supply) in a market that determines the price and quantity of a good or service.
Market equilibrium: The point where supply and demand curves intersect, representing the market clearing price and quantity.
Elasticity: Measures the responsiveness of one economic variable to changes in another. Price elasticity of demand shows how quantity demanded changes in response to price changes.
Productivity: Measures the efficiency of production. Higher productivity leads to greater output from the same amount of input.

Economic Systems

Centrally planned economy: Government controls the factors of production and makes decisions about what is produced, how it is produced, and who receives it.
Free market economy: Economic decisions are made by individuals and firms based on market signals such as prices.
Mixed economy: Combines elements of both central planning and the free market, with the government playing a role in regulating markets and providing public goods.

Economic Growth

Economic growth is an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.
It is measured by the increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Factors contributing to economic growth include technological advancement, capital accumulation, and human capital development.
Factors hindering economic growth may include political instability, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of investment.

Economic Measurement

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.
Gross National Product (GNP): Measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the citizens of a country, regardless of where they are located.
Inflation: A general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.
Unemployment: The percentage of the labor force that is actively seeking employment but unable to find work.

Economic Policies

Fiscal policy involves government spending and taxation to influence the economy.
Monetary policy involves the central bank adjusting interest rates and money supply to control inflation and economic growth.
International trade policies regulate the flow of goods and services across borders.

Key Economic Schools of Thought

Classical economics: Emphasizes the self-regulating nature of markets and limited government intervention.
Keynesian economics: Advocates for government intervention to stabilize the economy during recessions and stimulate aggregate demand.
Monetarism: Focuses on controlling the money supply to manage inflation.
New classical economics: Combines classical principles with rational expectations theories.

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इस क्विज़ में आप आर्थिक विज्ञान के मूलभूत सिद्धांतों और इसकी शाखाओं के बारे में जानेंगे। यह संसाधनों के सीमित आवंटन और बढ़ती आवश्यकताओं पर आधारित अध्ययन के विभिन्न पहलुओं को कवर करता है। माइक्रो और मैक्रो अर्थशास्त्र के बीच के अंतर को समझें।